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导读
洁白的牙齿并不意味着你的牙齿是处在健康状态。
我们在电影院或者是海报上看到演员微笑时露出洁白的牙齿，总是会心之向往，而且我们会在潜意识里认为，洁白的牙齿不但美丽吸引人，同时也是健康的象征。
但事实上，我们的牙齿的色泽度取决于牙齿本身的颜色（换句话说牙齿本身的构成色并不是白色），同时牙齿本身的色泽会受到我们自身的基因，年龄以及我们在抽烟吃饭喝酒时等留下的杂质所影响。
我们的牙齿上常常会出现绿色甚至是黑色像牙菌斑一样的物质，这些物质与我们的牙齿健康有着什么样的联系？在今天的文章里我们将一同找到答案。
总而言之，洁白的牙齿并不意味着你的牙齿健康；同样，即使你有着不那么洁白，甚至泛黄的牙齿时，你的牙齿依然可以是处在最佳的健康状态。
第一步：解决高频单词
gleaming ['ɡlimɪŋ]
adj 闪闪发光的
beam [bim]
v 绽开笑容
intrinsic [ɪn'trɪnsɪk]
adj 本质的；固有的
enamel [ɪ'næml]
n 牙釉质
precede [prɪ'sid]
v 在•••之前
porous ['pɔrəs]
adj 多孔渗水的
cavity ['kævəti]
n (牙齿的) 龋洞
tooth decay [tuθ dɪ'ke]
n 蛀牙
dental plaque ['dɛntl plæk]
n 牙菌斑
abrasive [ə'bresɪv]
adj 粗糙的；有研磨作用的
第二步：精读重点段落
（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）
[1] Having gleaming white teeth might look more attractive, it doesn’t mean they are in better condition.
[2] Most of us would like to have a gleaming white smile, filled with teeth that would make a Hollywood actor proud. Studies show that 18-52% of people are dissatisfied with the color of their teeth.
[3] In countries such as the US, tooth whitening is one of the most commonly requested dental procedures, while the British are often the butt of jokes about yellowing gnashers. Rows of perfect teeth beam out from magazines and cinema screens around the world.
[4] It is hardly surprising then, that we tend to assume that white teeth are not only attractive, but healthy. The hue of our teeth depends on their intrinsic color, influenced in part by our genes and our age, combined with stains from smoking, eating, drinking and taking certain medications. As you get older your teeth often become yellower as the enamel begins to wear away, exposing the dentine beneath.
- Gleaming 闪闪发光的
- Gnasher 同teeth，牙齿
- Hue 色彩度
- Intrinsic 本质的；固有的
- Enamel 牙釉质
Green fur
[5] Stains then overlay the yellowing teeth, with foods such as tomato-based sauces and coffee leaving behind colored compounds called chromogens, while bacteria or fungi can cause green, greyish, furry looking stains.
[6] Many of the experiments on tooth color have been conducted in laboratory test tubes, rather than in the mouths of living people. Often cows’ teeth are used because they give researchers with a larger surface area to study, but sometimes extracted human teeth are tested too.
[7] One study conducted by Mark Wolff from New York University soaked cows’ teeth for an hour in black tea, red wine or white wine in various configurations. It was no surprise that the red wine left the strongest stains. Surprisingly, the black tea didn’t stain the teeth unless it had been preceded by white wine. It seems the acid content of the wine was making the enamel slightly more porous, allowing the tea to leave its mark.
[8] These food and drink-based stains may discolor teeth, but they don’t indicate that the teeth are unhealthy. You can have pearly white teeth and still have gum infections or cavities. Likewise, you can have perfectly healthy teeth which are off-white, yellowish or even brownish.
- Overlay 覆盖
- Compound 混合物
- Chromogen 色原体
- Fungi 真菌；菌类
- Extract 提取；摘取
- Configuration 配置
- Precede 在····之前
- Acid 酸
- Porous 多孔渗水的
- Cavity (牙齿的) 龋洞
Black stain
[9] There is even one type of stain that some researchers believe might protect against tooth decay. This is the dark edge you sometimes see along teeth at the margins of the gum line. It can look like a series of dark dots. It’s known as “black stain”.
[10] While the cause of black stain has debated for more than a century, the latest thinking is that it’s a special kind of dental plaque comprising calcium, phosphate, various bacteria and some form of iron or copper compound, which gives rise to the black color.
[11] Curiously, some studies – although not all – have found that children with black stain are less likely to have tooth decay. It’s thought that microbes in the stain might be somehow protective.
[12] Of course, in some cases discoloration can indicate decay or other disease, so it is worth getting stains checked out by a dentist. But just as white teeth aren’t necessarily healthy, off-color teeth aren’t necessarily bad either.
- Tooth decay 蛀牙
- Dental plaque 牙菌斑
- Comprise 包含；由···组成
- Calcium 钙
- Phosphate 磷酸盐
- Microbe 微生物
第三步：攻克必学语法
Professionals tend to offer treatments that use stronger bleaching agents than you can find in home treatments.
句子分析：
词汇：
Professional，名词时表示专业人员或职业运动员；形容词时表示专业的职业性的。
Tend to do，这个词组我们见过很多次，表示常常会去做某事，跟倾向于做某事。
Bleaching agent，漂白剂。
句子结构：
主句的框架为，sb tend to do sth，sth即为treatments，也是先行词，that是关系代词，that后面整个引导了一个定语从句，来去修饰offer后面的treatments。
在这个定语从句中，有一个比较级的用法，“使用比你在家里自己处理时更强的漂白剂”，比较的对象时bleaching agents，一种是专业人士提供的bleaching agents另一种是bleaching agents you can find in home treatment。
即定语从句中完整的成分为：that use stronger bleaching agents than the bleaching agents you can find in home treatments. 作者在写这句话的时候，比较的同样部分就省去了。
加分任务：精读全文
在之前的三步后，你已经完全具备了精读全文的能力。再多花半个小时，让你的学习效果达到120%！
下载音频
（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）
Why having white teeth doesn’t mean they’re healthy
[1] Having gleaming white teeth might look more attractive, it doesn’t mean they are in better condition.
[2] Most of us would like to have a gleaming white smile, filled with teeth that would make a Hollywood actor proud. Studies show that 18-52% of people are dissatisfied with the color of their teeth.
[3] In countries such as the US, tooth whitening is one of the most commonly requested dental procedures, while the British are often the butt of jokes about yellowing gnashers. Rows of perfect teeth beam out from magazines and cinema screens around the world.
[4] It is hardly surprising then, that we tend to assume that white teeth are not only attractive, but healthy. The hue of our teeth depends on their intrinsic color, influenced in part by our genes and our age, combined with stains from smoking, eating, drinking and taking certain medications. As you get older your teeth often become yellower as the enamel begins to wear away, exposing the dentine beneath.
- Gleaming 闪闪发光的
- Gnasher 同teeth，牙齿
- Hue 色彩度
- Intrinsic 本质的；固有的
- Enamel 牙釉质
Green fur
[5] Stains then overlay the yellowing teeth, with foods such as tomato-based sauces and coffee leaving behind colored compounds called chromogens, while bacteria or fungi can cause green, greyish, furry looking stains.
[6] Many of the experiments on tooth color have been conducted in laboratory test tubes, rather than in the mouths of living people. Often cows’ teeth are used because they give researchers with a larger surface area to study, but sometimes extracted human teeth are tested too.
[7] One study conducted by Mark Wolff from New York University soaked cows’ teeth for an hour in black tea, red wine or white wine in various configurations. It was no surprise that the red wine left the strongest stains. Surprisingly, the black tea didn’t stain the teeth unless it had been preceded by white wine. It seems the acid content of the wine was making the enamel slightly more porous, allowing the tea to leave its mark.
[8] These food and drink-based stains may discolor teeth, but they don’t indicate that the teeth are unhealthy. You can have pearly white teeth and still have gum infections or cavities. Likewise, you can have perfectly healthy teeth which are off-white, yellowish or even brownish.
- Overlay 覆盖
- Compound 混合物
- Chromogen 色原体
- Fungi 真菌；菌类
- Extract 提取；摘取
- Configuration 配置
- Precede 在····之前
- Acid 酸
- Porous 多孔渗水的
- Cavity (牙齿的) 龋洞
Black stain
[9] There is even one type of stain that some researchers believe might protect against tooth decay. This is the dark edge you sometimes see along teeth at the margins of the gum line. It can look like a series of dark dots. It’s known as “black stain”.
[10] While the cause of black stain has debated for more than a century, the latest thinking is that it’s a special kind of dental plaque comprising calcium, phosphate, various bacteria and some form of iron or copper compound, which gives rise to the black color.
[11] Curiously, some studies – although not all – have found that children with black stain are less likely to have tooth decay. It’s thought that microbes in the stain might be somehow protective.
[12] Of course, in some cases discoloration can indicate decay or other disease, so it is worth getting stains checked out by a dentist. But just as white teeth aren’t necessarily healthy, off-color teeth aren’t necessarily bad either.
- Tooth decay 蛀牙
- Dental plaque 牙菌斑
- Comprise 包含；由···组成
- Calcium 钙
- Phosphate 磷酸盐
- Microbe 微生物
[13] So, what if you still want gleaming white teeth, regardless of what they say about your health? There are whole a range of whitening interventions from toothpastes, strips, gels and trays to wear around your teeth at night. Most contain abrasive substances that rub off stains or bleaching, or a combination of both. Some even contain a substance which adds a blueish tinge to the teeth to counteract any yellowness, resulting in teeth that appear even whiter.
[14] Professionals tend to offer treatments that use stronger bleaching agents than you can find in home treatments. But reviews of the range of treatments available show that efficacy varies considerably. Bleaching can also cause temporary sensitivity in some people’s teeth or gums.
[15] And of course, unless you continue with a treatment, the whiteness will only last for as long as you avoid the foods and drinks that cause the stains in the first place.
[16] But at least you know that even without that Hollywood white smile, it doesn’t mean that you don’t have healthy teeth.
- Whitening intervention 美白手术
- Tray 牙套
- Abrasive 有研磨作用的
- Tinge 些许
- Bleaching agent 漂白剂
- Efficacy 功效
gleaming ['ɡlimɪŋ]
adj 闪闪发光的
beam [bim]
v 绽开笑容
intrinsic [ɪn'trɪnsɪk]
adj 本质的；固有的
enamel [ɪ'næml]
n 牙釉质
precede [prɪ'sid]
v 在•••之前
porous ['pɔrəs]
adj 多孔渗水的
cavity ['kævəti]
n (牙齿的) 龋洞
tooth decay [tuθ dɪ'ke]
n 蛀牙
dental plaque ['dɛntl plæk]
n 牙菌斑
abrasive [ə'bresɪv]
adj 粗糙的；有研磨作用的
不要一时兴起，就要天天在一起
明天见！
下载音频
Why having white teeth doesn’t mean they’re healthy
[1] Having gleaming white teeth might look more attractive, it doesn’t mean they are in better condition.
[2] Most of us would like to have a gleaming white smile, filled with teeth that would make a Hollywood actor proud. Studies show that 18-52% of people are dissatisfied with the color of their teeth.
[3] In countries such as the US, tooth whitening is one of the most commonly requested dental procedures, while the British are often the butt of jokes about yellowing gnashers. Rows of perfect teeth beam out from magazines and cinema screens around the world.
[4] It is hardly surprising then, that we tend to assume that white teeth are not only attractive, but healthy. The hue of our teeth depends on their intrinsic color, influenced in part by our genes and our age, combined with stains from smoking, eating, drinking and taking certain medications. As you get older your teeth often become yellower as the enamel begins to wear away, exposing the dentine beneath.
Green fur
[5] Stains then overlay the yellowing teeth, with foods such as tomato-based sauces and coffee leaving behind colored compounds called chromogens, while bacteria or fungi can cause green, greyish, furry looking stains.
[6] Many of the experiments on tooth color have been conducted in laboratory test tubes, rather than in the mouths of living people. Often cows’ teeth are used because they give researchers with a larger surface area to study, but sometimes extracted human teeth are tested too.
[7] One study conducted by Mark Wolff from New York University soaked cows’ teeth for an hour in black tea, red wine or white wine in various configurations. It was no surprise that the red wine left the strongest stains. Surprisingly, the black tea didn’t stain the teeth unless it had been preceded by white wine. It seems the acid content of the wine was making the enamel slightly more porous, allowing the tea to leave its mark.
[8] These food and drink-based stains may discolor teeth, but they don’t indicate that the teeth are unhealthy. You can have pearly white teeth and still have gum infections or cavities. Likewise, you can have perfectly healthy teeth which are off-white, yellowish or even brownish.
Black stain
[9] There is even one type of stain that some researchers believe might protect against tooth decay. This is the dark edge you sometimes see along teeth at the margins of the gum line. It can look like a series of dark dots. It’s known as “black stain”.
[10] While the cause of black stain has debated for more than a century, the latest thinking is that it’s a special kind of dental plaque comprising calcium, phosphate, various bacteria and some form of iron or copper compound, which gives rise to the black color.
[11] Curiously, some studies – although not all – have found that children with black stain are less likely to have tooth decay. It’s thought that microbes in the stain might be somehow protective.
[12] Of course, in some cases discoloration can indicate decay or other disease, so it is worth getting stains checked out by a dentist. But just as white teeth aren’t necessarily healthy, off-color teeth aren’t necessarily bad either.
[13] So, what if you still want gleaming white teeth, regardless of what they say about your health? There are whole a range of whitening interventions from toothpastes, strips, gels and trays to wear around your teeth at night. Most contain abrasive substances that rub off stains or bleaching, or a combination of both. Some even contain a substance which adds a blueish tinge to the teeth to counteract any yellowness, resulting in teeth that appear even whiter.
[14] Professionals tend to offer treatments that use stronger bleaching agents than you can find in home treatments. But reviews of the range of treatments available show that efficacy varies considerably. Bleaching can also cause temporary sensitivity in some people’s teeth or gums.
[15] And of course, unless you continue with a treatment, the whiteness will only last for as long as you avoid the foods and drinks that cause the stains in the first place.
[16] But at least you know that even without that Hollywood white smile, it doesn’t mean that you don’t have healthy teeth.
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