第二步：精读重点段落

（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）

[10] Cognitive behavioral therapy for OCD works very well, with people gaining good control over their fears, and learning to not reinforce their compulsions. But Smith said that because the condition isn't widely well understood, people aren't always pointed in the right direction. "The problem is that it can take 14 to 17 years to find an effective treatment, which is ridiculous," he said. "The WHO ranks OCD a top-10 disorder for loss of income, because people are so crippled by it they can't work. So we think this is an incredible opportunity to help a huge section of the population worldwide."

• gain control over sth 获得控制
• cripple  vt.  使陷于瘫痪；严重削弱
• section  n.  部分

[12] Misdiagnoses do happen, and if a patient is told to give in to their compulsions instead of resisting them, that makes the anxiety escalate. But it's not just the doctors. The families of people with OCD can also make things worse if they don't fully understand the condition. For example, the logical thing is to find an answer if someone has a fear. If a child is scared of the dark, you can simply turn on the lights and show them there are no monsters there. But with someone with OCD, those answers will never be good enough.

• misdiagnosis  n.  错误的诊断，误诊
• give in to sth  屈服；让步
• escalate  vi.  逐步升级加剧

（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）

Here are the things people with OCD want you to know about the disorder

[1] When Stephen Smith was in his sophomore year at college, he was on the football team, and working towards a degree in Economics and Chinese. Then, something took a turn. Smith was diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), which, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), affects about 1.2% of the population. 

• sophomore  n. （大学的）二年级学生
• diagnose  vt. 诊断
• obsessive  adj. 着迷的；强迫性的
• compulsive  adj. 强迫性的；因着迷而引起的
• disorder  n.（身心机能的）失调；混乱；骚乱

[2] OCD is ranked in the top ten of the most disabling illnesses of any kind, in terms of lost earnings and diminished quality of life. But many people still don't really know that much about it as a condition.

• disabling  adj. 使无能力的( disable的现在分词 )
• diminished  adj. 减少了的，被贬低的
• condition  n.  疾病；健康问题

[3] Smith wanted to change this, and so he set up nOCD, an app which helps people with OCD seek out experts for advice and treatment, connects them to others with the disorder, and collects their data at the same time. In less than a year, nOCD has amassed a community of more than 80,000 people who can talk to and help each other. They can also submit information about their own diagnoses and treatments which are used for research into the condition.

• amass  vt.  积累，积聚
• submit  vt. 提交，呈送
• diagnosis （复数diagnoses）  n.  诊断
• treatment  n.  治疗，疗法

[4] There are many misconceptions about OCD, including exactly what it is and what the symptoms are. Smith said having OCD is a bit like having a song stuck in your head, but that song creates anxiety, and never goes away.

• misconception  n.  误解; 错觉
• symptom  n.  症状; 征兆
• be stuck in sth 卡住，陷入
• anxiety  n.  焦虑，忧虑

[5] "The fears people experience are so severe, "Smith said, "they can make their chest tighten, throat close, produce dizziness. The treatment to combat this is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps people resist acting on these compulsions."

• severe  adj. 严厉的; 剧烈的
• dizziness  n.  头昏眼花
• combat  vt.  减轻； 与…斗争
• cognitive  adj.  认知的; 认识的
• behavioral  adj. 行为方面的；行为科学的
• therapy  n.  治疗，疗法
• resist doing sth 抵抗做某事（的冲动）
• act on sth  按照…而行动; 实操
• compulsion  n.  强迫; 冲动

[6] "People with OCD are often not willing to accept uncertainty," Smith said, "an example is somebody who fears they are going to hit someone while driving, so they start driving and getting anxious, thinking what if I hit somebody, or did I just hit somebody by accident? Then they will go back and check that they didn't go and run over somebody, and basically in that process they're reassuring themselves that they didn't hit someone and they're ok."

• uncertainty  n.  不确定性
• by accident 偶然地；非故意地
• run over 撞到；轧倒
• reassure  vt.  使安心，使消除疑虑

[7] The more the person goes back to check, the more they are reassured. But that also means they are reinforcing that fear and it will come back stronger. Smith said it's like picking at a scab — you know you shouldn't, and it gets worse the more you do it, but you can't stop. The treatment basically aims to get people to the stage that the fear doesn't bother them anymore.

• reinforce  vt.   加固; 强化; 增援
• scab  n.  （伤口或疮口上所结的）痂

[8] A common misconception about OCD is that people with it like things to be clean. You might have heard people say they are "OCD" about things, because they like to have everything in order, no mess on their desks, and their kitchen is spotless. But that's not really what OCD is about.

• in order 按次序的，合乎程序的; 井然有序
• spotless  adj.  极其清洁的; 无瑕疵的

[9] "People with OCD have very specific fears," Smith said. "For example, someone may have the fear 'If I leave my room messy I could get sick and die.' So the fear is getting sick and dying, and to prevent that coming true, they are always clean. But the reality is the reason why they are cleaning is they are trying to prevent their fear from coming true."

• specific  adj.  具体的；特定的
• messy  adj.  adj.  凌乱的，散乱的

[10] Cognitive behavioral therapy for OCD works very well, with people gaining good control over their fears, and learning to not reinforce their compulsions. But Smith said that because the condition isn't widely well understood, people aren't always pointed in the right direction. "The problem is that it can take 14 to 17 years to find an effective treatment, which is ridiculous," he said. "The WHO ranks OCD a top-10 disorder for loss of income, because people are so crippled by it they can't work. So we think this is an incredible opportunity to help a huge section of the population worldwide."

• gain control over sth 获得控制
• cripple  vt.  使陷于瘫痪；严重削弱
• section  n.  部分

[11] The longer someone has been suffering with the symptoms of OCD, the longer it will take for the treatment to work. This is why Smith wants people to be aware of the real symptoms. Smith said that if people can recognize the signs early, then it can be treated pretty quickly and effectively. The goal is to get awareness of OCD to a place that is comparable to other mental health conditions which are better understood. For example, if someone says they are feeling down all the time, or they can't get out of bed, they are fairly quickly diagnosed with depression.

• suffer  vi.  受痛苦; 受损害
• comparable  adj.  可比较的; 比得上的
• feel down 感到沮丧
• depression  n.  萎靡不振，沮丧；抑郁症

[12] Misdiagnoses do happen, and if a patient is told to give in to their compulsions instead of resisting them, that makes the anxiety escalate. But it's not just the doctors. The families of people with OCD can also make things worse if they don't fully understand the condition. For example, the logical thing is to find an answer if someone has a fear. If a child is scared of the dark, you can simply turn on the lights and show them there are no monsters there. But with someone with OCD, those answers will never be good enough.

• misdiagnosis  n.  错误的诊断，误诊
• give in to sth  屈服；让步
• escalate  vi.  逐步升级加剧

[13] Ideally, through the work of nOCD and increased awareness of OCD, the truth about it will be common knowledge. Until then, the best thing families can do, Smith said, is help that person find an OCD specialist. There are organizations like OCD UK that can help people connect with doctors who thoroughly understand the condition.

• ideally  adv.  完美地; 理想地
• common knowledge 常识
• specialist  n.  专家