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导读
辣酱（hot sauce）可以说是在全世界范围内最受欢迎的调味料之一。几滴美味的辣酱可以让一顿黯淡无味的晚餐顿时焕发光彩，或者给任何美食锦上添花。
每个文化都对辣酱有不同的诠释：中国有国民品牌网红辣酱“老干妈”，美国有文化标志般经典的Tabasco和Sriracha辣酱等等。进入21世纪，辣酱的普及度和多样性达到了历史新高，在世界各地各种辣酱品牌层出不穷，异彩纷呈。辣酱的功能也不再只局限于配餐佐料，人气越来越旺的竞赛式食辣文化以及辣酱收藏文化等正在将辣酱的演变推向更加有趣的方向，可以说如今辣酱已经成为了远大于食物的存在。
有记录的最早的人工养殖辣椒可以追溯到公元前6000年，辣酱经过几千年的演变终于迎来了今天百花齐放的火辣新纪元。学习辣酱进化史的同时，其实也是在学习人类文明的历史进程。
第一步：解决高频单词
trace /treɪs/
vt. 追溯；追踪；勾画轮廓
presence /ˈprezns/
n. 存在；出席
lather /ˈlæðə(r)/
vt. 用皂沫覆盖；n. 肥皂泡
flavor /'fleɪvə/
n. 味道；vt. 给…调味
model /ˈmɒdl/
vt. 模仿；塑造； n. 模型；模特儿
foreboding /fɔrˈbəʊdɪŋ/
adj.（对不祥之事）预感的；n. 预感
notch /nɒtʃ/
n. 等级；刻痕 vt. 在…上作刻痕
variation /veriˈeɪʃn/
n. 变种；变动
fiery /ˈfaɪəri/
adj. 火辣的；易激动的
kick /kɪk/
n. 效力；极度兴奋；vt.& vi. 踢
第二步：精读重点段落
（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）
[1] For those who want a real kick to their dish, a bottle of hot sauce is always the answer. Even the mildest sauces make ketchup and mustard seem utterly boring by comparison. And some of the more extreme versions will give your tongue an experience it won’t soon forget. Just as fascinating as the variety of these spicy products on the market today is the long and complex history of hot sauce.
- kick n. 效力
- mild adj. 温和的；（味道）不浓的
- ketchup n. 番茄酱
- mustard n. 黄芥末
- utterly adv. 完全地; 彻底地
- by comparison 相比之下
- extreme adj. 极端的
- version n. 版本
- fascinating adj. 有极大吸引力的
- variety n. 变化，多样化
[3] The first journey the pepper took was up to Central and North America, where the Spanish realized a neat trick. They dried and crushed the pods, similar to what they did to European peppercorns, and made the world’s first chili powder. This of course led to the tastes that most of the world recognizes as Mexican, Tex-Mex and West Indian cuisine.
- neat adj. 很不错的；整洁的，干净的
- dry and crush 风干并压碎
- pod n. 荚，豆荚
- peppercorn n. 胡椒子
- chili powder 辣椒粉
- Tex-Mex adj. 德克萨斯-墨西哥（文化和烹饪）的
[6] Throughout the 19th century, the modern form of hot sauce began to take off in America. With this spicy condiment being so popular around the world and with America being the melting pot of different cultures that it was, this is no surprise. It was specifically in 1868, however, when history was made. Edward McIlhenny put a new brand of sauce on the market which he trademarked “Tabasco” sauce, named after the pepper used. First manufactured on an island off the coast of Louisiana, it has been the most popular brand ever since.
- take off 起飞；突然成功
- condiment n. 调味品，佐料
- melting pot n. 大熔炉
- trademark n. （注册）商标；vt. 给...注册商标
- manufacture vt. 制造，生产
第三步：攻克必学语法
[6] Throughout the 19th century, the modern form of hot sauce began to take off in America. With this spicy condiment being so popular around the world and with America being the melting pot of different cultures that it was, this is no surprise. It was specifically in 1868, however, when history was made. Edward McIlhenny put a new brand of sauce on the market which he trademarked “Tabasco” sauce, named after the pepper used. First manufactured on an island off the coast of Louisiana, it has been the most popular brand ever since.
With伴随状语用法
- with+名词/代词+-ing分词
He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him. 全班同学看着他,他感到更不自然。
此结构强调名词是-ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行.
- with+名词/代词+形容词
With the weather so close and stuffy,ten to one it’ll rain presently.
天气这么闷热,十之八九要下雨。
- with+名词/代词+介词短语
The man was walking on the street,with a book under his arm.
那人在街上走着,腋下夹着本书。
It引导时间状语从句
- It +is / was + 时间点 +when 从句。在这一结构中，从句为 when 引导的时间状语从句。从句常用一般过去时，意为“当某事发生时，时间是...”
It was October 1st, 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.
中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年 10 月 1 日。
加分任务：精读全文
在之前的三步后，你已经完全具备了精读全文的能力。再多花半个小时，让你的学习效果达到120%！
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（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）
The History of Hot Sauce
[1] For those who want a real kick to their dish, a bottle of hot sauce is always the answer. Even the mildest sauces make ketchup and mustard seem utterly boring by comparison. And some of the more extreme versions will give your tongue an experience it won’t soon forget. Just as fascinating as the variety of these spicy products on the market today is the long and complex history of hot sauce.
- kick n. 效力
- mild adj. 温和的；（味道）不浓的
- ketchup n. 番茄酱
- mustard n. 黄芥末
- utterly adv. 完全地; 彻底地
- by comparison 相比之下
- extreme adj. 极端的
- version n. 版本
- fascinating adj. 有极大吸引力的
- variety n. 变化，多样化
[2] To understand hot sauce and its history, one must trace it back to its roots, literally. The chili pepper, the main ingredient in this fiery condiment, has been around for ages. The first cultivated pepper dates back to 6,000 BC in South America. Although it wasn’t bottled like it is today, that same flavor was used in dishes even back then. For millenniums, this treat was unique to South America, but after the arrival of the Portuguese and Spanish in the 15th century, the secret was out.
- trace sth back to its roots 追根溯源
- ingredient n. （混合物的）组成部分; （烹调的）原料
- fiery adj. 激烈的; 火似的; 火热的
- cultivate vt. 耕作，种植；栽培
- date back to 追溯到（时间）
- millennium n. 一千年
- treat n. 招待; 乐事
[3] The first journey the pepper took was up to Central and North America, where the Spanish realized a neat trick. They dried and crushed the pods, similar to what they did to European peppercorns, and made the world’s first chili powder. This of course led to the tastes that most of the world recognizes as Mexican, Tex-Mex and West Indian cuisine.
- neat adj. 很不错的；整洁的，干净的
- dry and crush 风干并压碎
- pod n. 荚，豆荚
- peppercorn n. 胡椒子
- chili powder 辣椒粉
- Tex-Mex adj. 德克萨斯-墨西哥（文化和烹饪）的
[4] Asia was another continent to quickly embrace these spicy flavors wholeheartedly. From China (especially in the Sichuan Province) to Korea to all over southeast Asia, peppers made their presence felt. Many took the form of pastes and marinades used to lather meats and vegetables.
- continent n. 大陆
- embrace vt. 接受；拥抱
- wholeheartedly adv. 全心全意地
- paste n. 糨糊; 肉（或鱼等）酱（作涂抹料或烹饪用）
- marinade n. 腌泡汁
- lather vt. 用皂沫覆盖；沾上
[5] After centuries of appearing in various forms in dishes around the globe, hot sauce made its first leap into the modern world. In 1807, in Massachusetts, the first bottle of hot cayenne flavored sauce was sold. That same year, advertisements for the brand started appearing in the local paper. Little did the readers know the wave of sauce fever that would follow.
- make one’s first leap into 首次跃入（某领域）
- cayenne flavored 红辣椒风味的
- fever n. 热潮；发热，发烧
[6] Throughout the 19th century, the modern form of hot sauce began to take off in America. With this spicy condiment being so popular around the world and with America being the melting pot of different cultures that it was, this is no surprise. It was specifically in 1868, however, when history was made. Edward McIlhenny put a new brand of sauce on the market which he trademarked “Tabasco” sauce, named after the pepper used. First manufactured on an island off the coast of Louisiana, it has been the most popular brand ever since.
- take off 起飞；突然成功
- condiment n. 调味品，佐料
- melting pot n. 大熔炉
- trademark n. （注册）商标；vt. 给...注册商标
- manufacture vt. 制造，生产
[7] Pretty soon most brands began to model themselves after Tabasco. Bottles began hitting the shelves decorated with flaming peppers, dancing devils and even the foreboding skull and crossbones. For many Americans, it was not just about what takes that chili and or buffalo wing recipe up a notch, it was about testing the burning point of the human tongue.
- model oneself after sth 模仿
- hit the shelves 进店开始销售
- foreboding adj. （对不祥之事）预感的
- skull n. 颅骨，头盖骨
- crossbones n. 交叉腿骨的图形
- chili n. 肉辣酱
- buffalo wing n. 水牛城辣鸡翅
- recipe n. 食谱; 处方
- notch n. 刻痕；等级
- burning point n. 燃点
[8] Of course, nowadays there are simply too many brands and variations to count. There’s the widely-popular Gohcujang sauce in Korea and there’s fiery African Piri-piri sauce. There’s the Guilin chili sauce in southern China and there’s the tongue-flaming Habanero sauces all over North America.
- variation n. 变种；变动
- tongue-flaming 让舌头着火的
- Habanero n. 哈瓦那小辣椒
[9] The history of hot sauce is more rich and more enlightening than just about any other condiment. The evolution of the original chili pepper and its journeys around the world are a great way to learn about human civilization itself. It just goes to show that the need for that extra kick of spice, even if it results in some heated taste-buds, is in the the blood of humans everywhere and not just in one part of the world.
- rich adj. 富有的；丰富多彩的; 油腻的
- enlightening adj. 有启发作用的，使人领悟的
- taste-bud n. 味蕾
trace /treɪs/
vt. 追溯；追踪；勾画轮廓
presence /ˈprezns/
n. 存在；出席
lather /ˈlæðə(r)/
vt. 用皂沫覆盖；n. 肥皂泡
flavor /'fleɪvə/
n. 味道；vt. 给…调味
model /ˈmɒdl/
vt. 模仿；塑造； n. 模型；模特儿
foreboding /fɔrˈbəʊdɪŋ/
adj.（对不祥之事）预感的；n. 预感
notch /nɒtʃ/
n. 等级；刻痕 vt. 在…上作刻痕
variation /veriˈeɪʃn/
n. 变种；变动
fiery /ˈfaɪəri/
adj. 火辣的；易激动的
kick /kɪk/
n. 效力；极度兴奋；vt.& vi. 踢
不要一时兴起，就要天天在一起
明天见！
下载音频
The History of Hot Sauce
[1] For those who want a real kick to their dish, a bottle of hot sauce is always the answer. Even the mildest sauces make ketchup and mustard seem utterly boring by comparison. And some of the more extreme versions will give your tongue an experience it won’t soon forget. Just as fascinating as the variety of these spicy products on the market today is the long and complex history of hot sauce.
[2] To understand hot sauce and its history, one must trace it back to its roots, literally. The chili pepper, the main ingredient in this fiery condiment, has been around for ages. The first cultivated pepper dates back to 6,000 B.C. in South America. Although it wasn’t bottled like it is today, that same flavor was used in dishes even back then. For millenniums, this treat was unique to South America, but after the arrival of the Portuguese and Spanish in the 15th century, the secret was out.
[3] The first journey the pepper took was up to Central and North America, where the Spanish realized a neat trick. They dried and crushed the pods, similar to what they did to European peppercorns, and made the world’s first chili powder. This of course led to the tastes that most of the world recognizes as Mexican, Tex-Mex and West Indian cuisine.
[4] Asia was another continent to quickly embrace these spicy flavors wholeheartedly. From China (especially in the Sichuan Province) to Korea to all over southeast Asia, peppers made their presence felt. Many took the form of pastes and marinades used to lather meats and vegetables.
[5] After centuries of appearing in various forms in dishes around the globe, hot sauce made its first leap into the modern world. In 1807, in Massachusetts, the first bottle of hot cayenne flavored sauce was sold. That same year, advertisements for the brand started appearing in the local paper. Little did the readers know the wave of sauce fever that would follow.
[6] Throughout the 19th century, the modern form of hot sauce began to take off in America. With this spicy condiment being so popular around the world and with America being the melting pot of different cultures that it was, this is no surprise. It was specifically in 1868, however, when history was made. Edward McIlhenny put a new brand of sauce on the market which he trademarked “Tabasco” sauce, named after the pepper used. First manufactured on an island off the coast of Louisiana coast, it has been the most popular brand ever since.
[7] Pretty soon most brands began to model themselves after Tabasco. Bottles began hitting the shelves decorated with flaming peppers, dancing devils and even the foreboding skull and crossbones. For many Americans, it was not just about what takes that chili and or buffalo wing recipe up a notch, it was about testing the burning point of the human tongue.
[8] Of course, nowadays there are simply too many brands and variations to count. There’s the widely-popular Gohcujang sauce in Korea and there’s fiery African Piri-piri sauce. There’s the Guilin chili sauce in southern China and there’s the tongue-flaming Habanero sauces all over North America.
[9] The history of hot sauce is more rich and more enlightening than just about any other condiment. The evolution of the original chili pepper and its journeys around the world are a great way to learn about human civilization itself. It just goes to show that the need for that extra kick of spice, even if it results in some heated taste-buds, is in the the blood of humans everywhere and not just in one part of the world.
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