- 注释版
- 纯净版
导读
哲学，听起来是不是像个被遗忘在世界角落的字眼儿。你上次问自己我是谁？我来自何方？我要去向何处是什么时候？当今社会，工作正在被机器替代，知识正在迅速贬值。出门，我们坐无人驾驶汽车；理财，我们用电子银行办理；购物，我们用网络商店进行；毫无疑问，机器替代人的时代正在迫近。早在2013年，牛津大学的经济学家们就预估：再过二十年，全世界约有一半的工作都会被智能技术所替代。听起来焦虑不？
不过，不管你焦虑不焦虑，该来的总会来。我们的下一代将面临和我们这一代人面】十分不同的境况。有人还在幻想：只要让苹果在美国制造手机，失业率就会下降。简直是图样图森破。将来，造苹果手机的任务可能会完全被机器人替代，管你是蓝领还是白领，统统下岗。
那么，是不是学了哲学就能找到工作了？是不是学了哲学就能改变这机器浪潮了？当然不是，哲学不是万灵药。但是，哲学能够增强我们的免疫力，让我们遇到事情的时候不武断判断，认知自己的时候不自以为是。
未来的世界是一个分工越来越精细的世界，只有一样能力是永不过时的：那就是纵横各领域的跨界能力。未来需要的人才要能够问出谷歌上没有的问题，并且给出谷歌上没有的答案。比如，自动化的道德衍生品是什么？大规模失业的政治后果又是啥？在电子化的社会中财富应该如何被分配？这些都是我们需要更深度思考的哲学问题。
诚然，哲学很难学。学哲学你得有个严厉的导师，还得付出艰辛的劳动。我们必须抛却偏见，绕开陷阱，谦逊对谈，权衡利弊，求同存异。哲学帮助我们精准提问，探究答案，而不是想当然，或者人云亦云。哲学最绝妙之处就是我们不再那么看重自我的分量，而是转而追求观点的价值，正是这种脆弱之美和不合情理，使得哲学在当今世界弥足珍贵。
今天，就听大乐乐谈谈哲学，作为咱们哲思道路上的第一步吧。
第一步：解决高频单词
sample ['sæmpl]
vt. 取样；抽样检查；尝试 / n. 样品；样本；例子 / adj. 作为例子的；试样的，样品的
philosophy [fɪ'lɒsəfɪ]
n. 哲学；哲理；人生观
estimate ['estɪmeɪt]
vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价
substitute ['sʌbstɪtjuːt]
vt. 代替
deny [dɪ'naɪ]
vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求
predict [prɪ'dɪkt]
vt. 预报，预言；预知
outsource [aʊt'sɔːs]
vt. 把…外包
cure-all ['kjuərɔ:l]
n. 万灵药
woe [wəʊ]
n. 悲哀，悲痛；灾难
empower [ɪm'paʊə]
vt. 授权，允许；使能够
encompass [ɪn'kʌmpəs]
vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成
第二步：精读重点段落
（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）
With jobs being automated and knowledge being devalued, humans need to rediscover flexible thinking. That starts in schools.
- philosophy n. 哲学；哲理；人生观
- automated adj. 自动化的
- devalued adj.贬值的
- rediscover vt.重新发现
第一段
At the controls of driverless cars, on the end of the telephone when you call your bank or favorite retailer: we all know the robots are coming, and in many cases are already here. Back in 2013, economists at Oxford University’s Martin School estimated that in the next 20 years, more than half of all jobs would be substituted by intelligent technology. Like the prospect of robot-assisted living or hate it, it is foolish to deny that children in school today will enter a vastly different workplace tomorrow — and that’s if they’re lucky. Far from jobs being brought back from China, futurologists predict that white-collar jobs will be increasingly outsourced to digitisation as well as blue-collar ones.
- driverless cars 无人驾驶汽车
- estimate vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价
- substitute vt. 代替
- prospect n. 前途；预期；景色
- deny vt.否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求
- predict vt. 预报，预言；预知
- outsource vt. 把…外包
- digitisation n.数字化
第二段：
Philosophy isn’t a cure-all for the world’s current or future woes. But it can build immunity against careless judgments, and unentitled certitude. How should educationalists prepare young people for civic and professional life in a digital age? Luddite hand-wringing won’t do. Redoubling investment in science, technology, engineering and maths (Stem) subjects won’t solve the problem either: hi-tech training has its imaginative limitations.
- cure-all n. 万灵药
- woe n.悲哀，悲痛；灾难
- immunity n.免疫力
- unentitled n. 无资格的
- certitude n. 确信；确实
- civic life 公民生活
- professional life 职业生涯
- digital age 数码时代
- Luddite 勒德分子（十九世纪初英国手工业工人中参加捣毁机器的人）；强烈反对机械化或自动化的人
- redouble vt. 再加倍
第三段：
In the near future school-leavers will need other skills. In a world where technical expertise is increasingly narrow, the skills and confidence to traverse disciplines will be at a premium. We will need people who are prepared to ask, and answer, the questions that aren’t Googleable: like what are the ethical ramifications of machine automation? What are the political consequences of mass unemployment? How should we distribute wealth in a digitised society? As a society we need to be more philosophically engaged.
- school leaver 中学毕业生
- expertise n.专门知识；专门技术
- traverse vt. 横穿；在...之间来回移动
- be at a premium 需求量最大
- googleable
- ethical adj. 伦理的；道德的；
- ramification n. 衍生物；分枝，分叉；支流
- philosophically engaged 更了解哲学的
第三步：攻克必学语法
再谈where和who引导的定语从句
In a world where technical expertise is increasingly narrow, the skills and confidence to traverse disciplines will be at a premium. We will need people who are prepared to ask, and answer, the questions that aren’t Googleable.
未来世界技术分工将会越来越精细，只有一样能力会被看重：那就是纵横各领域的跨界能力。未来需要的人才要能够问出谷歌上没有的问题，并且给出谷歌上没有的答案。
where引导定语从句，修饰world
who引导定语从句，修饰people
googleable是一个生造词，指的是谷歌上可以搜索到的现成信息。
where引导定语从句
Beijing is the place where they live. 北京是他们居住的地方。
注意哦，本句也可不用 the place, 这时 where 引出表语从句。
Air moves from (places) where the pressure is high to (places) where the pressure is low.
空气从压力高的地方往压力低的地方移动。
注意哦，可看作定语从句，也可看作介词宾语从句。
who引导定语从句
This is the student who repaired our radio set yesterday.
这人就是昨天修理我们无线电的那个学生。（限制性定语从句）
I am sure there is no one who works here and who is not eager to learn some English.
我确信，凡是在这里工作的人都想学些英语。
加分任务：精读全文
在之前的三步后，你已经完全具备了精读全文的能力。再多花半个小时，让你的学习效果达到120%！
下载音频
（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）
Philosophy can Teach Children what Google can't
With jobs being automated and knowledge being devalued, humans need to rediscover flexible thinking. That starts in schools.
- philosophy n. 哲学；哲理；人生观
- automated adj. 自动化的
- devalued adj.贬值的
- rediscover vt.重新发现
第一段：
At the controls of driverless cars, on the end of the telephone when you call your bank or favorite retailer: we all know the robots are coming, and in many cases are already here. Back in 2013, economists at Oxford University’s Martin School estimated that in the next 20 years, more than half of all jobs would be substituted by intelligent technology. Like the prospect of robot-assisted living or hate it, it is foolish to deny that children in school today will enter a vastly different workplace tomorrow — and that’s if they’re lucky. Far from jobs being brought back from China, futurologists predict that white-collar jobs will be increasingly outsourced to digitisation as well as blue-collar ones.
- driverless cars 无人驾驶汽车
- estimate vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价
- substitute vt. 代替
- prospect n. 前途；预期；景色
- deny vt.否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求
- predict vt. 预报，预言；预知
- outsource vt. 把…外包
- digitisation n.数字化
第二段：
Philosophy isn’t a cure-all for the world’s current or future woes. But it can build immunity against careless judgments, and unentitled certitude. How should educationalists prepare young people for civic and professional life in a digital age? Luddite hand-wringing won’t do. Redoubling investment in science, technology, engineering and maths (Stem) subjects won’t solve the problem either: hi-tech training has its imaginative limitations.
- cure-all n. 万灵药
- woe n.悲哀，悲痛；灾难
- immunity n.免疫力
- unentitled n. 无资格的
- certitude n. 确信；确实
- civic life 公民生活
- professional life 职业生涯
- digital age 数码时代
- Luddite 勒德分子（十九世纪初英国手工业工人中参加捣毁机器的人）；强烈反对机械化或自动化的人
- redouble vt. 再加倍
第三段：
In the near future school-leavers will need other skills. In a world where technical expertise is increasingly narrow, the skills and confidence to traverse disciplines will be at a premium. We will need people who are prepared to ask, and answer, the questions that aren’t Googleable: like what are the ethical ramifications of machine automation? What are the political consequences of mass unemployment? How should we distribute wealth in a digitised society? As a society we need to be more philosophically engaged.
- school leaver 中学毕业生
- expertise n.专门知识；专门技术
- traverse vt. 横穿；在...之间来回移动
- be at a premium 需求量最大
- googleable [,ɡuɡ'libl] 可以被谷歌搜索到的
- ethical adj. 伦理的；道德的；
- ramification n. 衍生物；分枝，分叉；支流
- philosophically engaged 更了解哲学的
第四段：
Amid the political uncertainties of 2016, the Irish president Michael D Higgins provided a beacon of leadership in this area. “The teaching of philosophy,” he said in November, “is one of the most powerful tools we have at our disposal to empower children into acting as free and responsible subjects in an ever more complex, interconnected, and uncertain world.” Philosophy in the classroom, he emphasised, offers a “path to a humanistic and vibrant democratic culture”.
- beacon n. 灯塔；指路明灯
- be at one's disposal 任凭某人支配
- empower vt. 授权，允许；使能够
- subject n.国民
- humanistic adj. 人文主义的；人道主义的
第五段：
Philosophy is difficult. It encompasses the double demand of strenuous labour under a stern overseer. It requires us to overcome personal biases and pitfalls in reasoning. This necessitates tolerant dialogue, and imagining divergent views while weighing them up. Philosophy helps kids — and adults — to articulate questions and explore answers not easily drawn out by introspection or Twitter. At its best, philosophy puts ideas, not egos, front and centre. And it is the very fragility — the unnaturalness — of philosophy that requires it to be embedded, not just in schools, but in public spaces.
- encompass vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成
- stern adj. 严厉的；坚定的
- overseer n. 监督；工头
- bias n.偏见；歧视
- pitfall n. 陷阱，圈套
- divergent adj.相异的；分歧的
- articulate vt. 清晰地发（音）；明确有力地表达；
- introspection n. 内省；反省
- ego n. 自我；自负；自我意识
- fragility n. 脆弱
- unnaturalness n.非自然性
- embed vt. 使嵌入，使插入
第六段：
Philosophy won’t bring back the jobs. It isn’t a cure-all for the world’s current or future woes. But it can build immunity against careless judgments, and unentitled certitude. Philosophy in our classrooms would better equip us all to perceive and to challenge the conventional wisdoms of our age. Perhaps it is not surprising that the president of Ireland, a country that was once a sub-theocracy, understands this.
- perceive vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知
- challenge vt. 向…挑战；对…质疑
- conventional wisdom 传统智慧
- sub-theocracy n.半神权国家
sample ['sæmpl]
vt. 取样；抽样检查；尝试 / n. 样品；样本；例子 / adj. 作为例子的；试样的，样品的
philosophy [fɪ'lɒsəfɪ]
n. 哲学；哲理；人生观
estimate ['estɪmeɪt]
vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价
substitute ['sʌbstɪtjuːt]
vt. 代替
deny [dɪ'naɪ]
vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求
predict [prɪ'dɪkt]
vt. 预报，预言；预知
outsource [aʊt'sɔːs]
vt. 把…外包
cure-all ['kjuərɔ:l]
n. 万灵药
woe [wəʊ]
n. 悲哀，悲痛；灾难
empower [ɪm'paʊə]
vt. 授权，允许；使能够
encompass [ɪn'kʌmpəs]
vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成
不要一时兴起，就要天天在一起
明天见！
下载音频
Philosophy can Teach Children what Google can't
With jobs being automated and knowledge being devalued, humans need to rediscover flexible thinking. That starts in schools.
第一段
At the controls of driverless cars, on the end of the telephone when you call your bank or favorite retailer: we all know the robots are coming, and in many cases are already here. Back in 2013, economists at Oxford University’s Martin School estimated that in the next 20 years, more than half of all jobs would be substituted by intelligent technology. Like the prospect of robot-assisted living or hate it, it is foolish to deny that children in school today will enter a vastly different workplace tomorrow — and that’s if they’re lucky. Far from jobs being brought back from China, futurologists predict that white-collar jobs will be increasingly outsourced to digitisation as well as blue-collar ones.
第二段：
Philosophy isn’t a cure-all for the world’s current or future woes. But it can build immunity against careless judgments, and unentitled certitude. How should educationalists prepare young people for civic and professional life in a digital age? Luddite hand-wringing won’t do. Redoubling investment in science, technology, engineering and maths (Stem) subjects won’t solve the problem either: hi-tech training has its imaginative limitations.
第三段：
In the near future school-leavers will need other skills. In a world where technical expertise is increasingly narrow, the skills and confidence to traverse disciplines will be at a premium. We will need people who are prepared to ask, and answer, the questions that aren’t Googleable: like what are the ethical ramifications of machine automation? What are the political consequences of mass unemployment? How should we distribute wealth in a digitised society? As a society we need to be more philosophically engaged.
第四段：
Amid the political uncertainties of 2016, the Irish president Michael D Higgins provided a beacon of leadership in this area. “The teaching of philosophy,” he said in November, “is one of the most powerful tools we have at our disposal to empower children into acting as free and responsible subjects in an ever more complex, interconnected, and uncertain world.” Philosophy in the classroom, he emphasised, offers a “path to a humanistic and vibrant democratic culture”.
第五段：
Philosophy is difficult. It encompasses the double demand of strenuous labour under a stern overseer. It requires us to overcome personal biases and pitfalls in reasoning. This necessitates tolerant dialogue, and imagining divergent views while weighing them up. Philosophy helps kids — and adults — to articulate questions and explore answers not easily drawn out by introspection or Twitter. At its best, philosophy puts ideas, not egos, front and centre. And it is the very fragility — the unnaturalness — of philosophy that requires it to be embedded, not just in schools, but in public spaces.
第六段：
Philosophy won’t bring back the jobs. It isn’t a cure-all for the world’s current or future woes. But it can build immunity against careless judgments, and unentitled certitude. Philosophy in our classrooms would better equip us all to perceive and to challenge the conventional wisdoms of our age. Perhaps it is not surprising that the president of Ireland, a country that was once a sub-theocracy, understands this.