Got to give it up

导读

今天讨论一个比较严肃的问题,关于酒。可能是现在各种酒吧越来越多,鸡尾酒调的越来越好喝,或者是人们压力越来越大,不管怎样,开心了喝一杯庆祝庆祝,郁闷了喝一杯排解排解。

与此同时,越来越多的人有了酒瘾,因此产生的事故数量也在逐年递增。

这篇文章就是在讲述美国现在存在的酗酒现象。

首先介绍了政府即将大力压制毒品,然而却忽略了另一个隐患,即alcohol-related causes。比如酒精摄入过多造成的liver disease, 或者alcohol poisoning 酒精中毒以及 drunk driving酒驾。继而罗列各种数据支撑观点。

随后文章通过和过去数据的对比,分析这种现象背后的原因。

首先指出不是因为lurching economic and social change,因为喝酒的多是the elderly and certain minority groups. 另外一个主力军呢,就是Women。

接下来专家们就分析了,那到底是因为啥呢?最后指出原因大多是on different manifestations of stress,各种压力的堆积。比如women群体,长期夹在家庭和事业中间,总是会有那么几天,濒临崩溃,只能喝杯排解一下。

文章的最后指出,政府也要重视社会中的饮酒问题。也借此告诫大家,小饮怡情,大饮伤身。

更多剧透

第一步:解决高频单词

eclipse [ɪ'klɪps]

n.日食;月食;黯然失色v.遮住…的光;使失色;使相形见绌;使丧失重要性

quaff [kwɑf]

v.豪饮;痛饮;开怀畅饮;n.痛饮;一饮而尽的酒

opioid [oʊ'pioʊɪd]

n.【药】类鸦片

tippler ['tɪplər]

n.饮烈酒者;酒徒

lurch [lɜrtʃ]

v.倾斜;摇晃;东倒西歪; n.突然倾斜;(突然感到)兴奋或失望

anguish ['æŋɡwɪʃ]

n.痛苦v.(使)痛苦;(使)苦恼;悲痛万分

underpin [.ʌndər'pɪn]

v.支持;从下方支持;加固

prevalence ['prevələns]

n.流行;卓越

manifestation [.mænɪfə'steɪʃ(ə)n]

n.表现;显现;发表政见;公开声明

upshot ['ʌp.ʃɑt]

n.最后结果;结局

mortality [mɔr'tæləti]

n.死亡率;生命的有限;死亡数量

60p

第二步:精读重点段落

(Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦)

[1] This concern is justified: in their legal and illegal forms, opioids kill an American every 16 minutes. Yet a focus on opioids has eclipsed the damage caused by an even deadlier, more common substance. Between 2006 and 2010, an average of 106,765 Americans died each year from alcohol-related causes such as liver disease, alcohol poisoning and drunk driving—more than twice the number of overdoses from all drugs and more than triple the number of opioid overdoses in 2015. Although Americans quaff less alcohol per person than the pub-loving British and Irish or the beer fond Germans, they are drinking far more heavily than they used to.

  • Eclipse  v.遮住…的光;使失色;使相形见绌;使丧失重要性
  • Quaff  v.豪饮;痛饮;开怀畅饮;n.痛饮;一饮而尽的酒

[4] Not obviously. Opioid overdoses are killing more white males than any other group. But heavy drinking seems to be increasing most not among middle-aged whites, but the elderly and certain minority groups. Over the period measured by the JAMA study, the prevalence of alcoholism among Americans over 65 jumped 107%, though from a low base. Among black Americans it rose 93%: a larger share of blacks than whites are now considered to suffer from alcoholism. Women are also hitting the bottle harder. Whereas 5% of women were found to meet the criteria for alcoholism in 2001-02, in 2012-13 that number rose to 9%.

  •  Prevalence  n.先前的

[6] Bridget Grant, an epidemiologist at the NIAAA and the JAMA study’s principal author, blames the rise in drinking largely on different manifestations of stress. For women, that pressure might stem from their increased participation in the workforce. “It may be that women are finding it difficult to both manage their families and their work, which leads to stress, which invites drinking,” Dr Grant says.

  • manifestation  n.表现;显现;发表政见;公开声明

[7] The upshot is that, for the first time since the early 1970s, the mortality rate associated with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis rose dramatically between 2009 and 2013. The decline in mortality rates related to cardiovascular diseases and stroke— both of which can be brought on by heavy drinking—recently slowed. Mitigating the opioid epidemic is critical, but curbing heavy drinking is just as pressing.

  • upshot  n.最后结果;结局
  • mortality n.死亡率
  • cardiovascular adj.心血管的
  • mitigate v.减轻;缓解;缓和;平息
85p

第三步:攻克必学语法

形式主语或形式宾语it:

It may be that women are finding it difficult to both manage their families and their work.
这个句子中第一个it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句that women are finding it difficult to both manage their families and their work.
而这个主语从句内部,我们发现it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是to both manage their families and their work,当然大家一定注意这个不定式是有一点点平行的问题的,我们稍微修改一下变成to manage both their families and their work,这样both…and才属于比较平行。
以上我们让大家认识了形式主语和形式宾语,在课上我们再细细探讨那些场景下我们喜欢使用形式主语和形式宾语吧。
形式主语和形式宾语存在的意义是什么?是否存在其他替代情况呢?

100p

加分任务:精读全文

在之前的三步后,你已经完全具备了精读全文的能力。再多花半个小时,让你的学习效果达到120%!

查看/展开全文


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(Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦)

Got to give it up

THE White House has plans to declare the opioid crisis a national emergency.

[1] This concern is justified: in their legal and illegal forms, opioids kill an American every 16 minutes. Yet a focus on opioids has eclipsed the damage caused by an even deadlier, more common substance. Between 2006 and 2010, an average of 106,765 Americans died each year from alcohol-related causes such as liver disease, alcohol poisoning and drunk driving—more than twice the number of overdoses from all drugs and more than triple the number of opioid overdoses in 2015. Although Americans quaff less alcohol per person than the pub-loving British and Irish or the beer fond Germans, they are drinking far more heavily than they used to.

  • Eclipse  v.遮住…的光;使失色;使相形见绌;使丧失重要性
  • Quaff  v.豪饮;痛饮;开怀畅饮;n.痛饮;一饮而尽的酒

[2] On August 9th, researchers found that the share of Americans who are considered “high-risk” tipplers—women who, in any given week, have at least four drinks in a single day, or men who have five drinks—increased by nearly 30% in the period studied.

  • tippler  n.饮烈酒者;酒徒

[3] Anne Case and Angus Deaton, two (married) economists at Princeton University, roll alcohol poisonings together with opioid deaths and suicides into what they call “deaths of despair”. Having suffered lurching economic and social change, they argue, white folk with high-school diplomas or less have turned to opioids and alcohol for comfort. Such anguish is what they believe underpins a rising mortality rate among middle-aged white Americans, even as that rate falls in other developed countries. Is the rise in problem drinking part of the same phenomenon?

  • lurch  v.摇晃;倾斜;东倒西歪n.突然倾斜;(突然感到)兴奋或失望
  • anguish  n.痛苦v.(使)痛苦;(使)苦恼;悲痛万分
  • underpin  v.巩固;加固(墙)基

[4] Not obviously. Opioid overdoses are killing more white males than any other group. But heavy drinking seems to be increasing most not among middle-aged whites, but the elderly and certain minority groups. Over the period measured by the JAMA study, the prevalence of alcoholism among Americans over 65 jumped 107%, though from a low base. Among black Americans it rose 93%: a larger share of blacks than whites are now considered to suffer from alcoholism. Women are also hitting the bottle harder. Whereas 5% of women were found to meet the criteria for alcoholism in 2001-02, in 2012-13 that number rose to 9%.

  • Prevalence  n.先前的

[5] Previous studies suggest that Americans who drink heavily tend to drink very heavily indeed. Analysis by Phillip Cook, a professor at Duke University’s Sanford School of Public Policy, published in 2007 suggested that whereas 30% of Americans did not drink at all in 2001-02, 10% of Americans—or about 24m—had an average often drinks a day. He believes such habits would not look different today.

[6] Bridget Grant, an epidemiologist at the NIAAA and the JAMA study’s principal author, blames the rise in drinking largely on different manifestations of stress. For women, that pressure might stem from their increased participation in the workforce. “It may be that women are finding it difficult to both manage their families and their work, which leads to stress, which invites drinking,” Dr Grant says.

  • manifestation  n.表现;显现;发表政见;公开声明

[7] The upshot is that, for the first time since the early 1970s, the mortality rate associated with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis rose dramatically between 2009 and 2013. The decline in mortality rates related to cardiovascular diseases and stroke— both of which can be brought on by heavy drinking—recently slowed. Mitigating the opioid epidemic is critical, but curbing heavy drinking is just as pressing.

  • upshot  n.最后结果;结局
  • mortality n.死亡率
  • cardiovascular adj.心血管的
  • mitigate v.减轻;缓解;缓和;平息
200p

eclipse [ɪ'klɪps]

n.日食;月食;黯然失色v.遮住…的光;使失色;使相形见绌;使丧失重要性

quaff [kwɑf]

v.豪饮;痛饮;开怀畅饮;n.痛饮;一饮而尽的酒

opioid [oʊ'pioʊɪd]

n.【药】类鸦片

tippler ['tɪplər]

n.饮烈酒者;酒徒

lurch [lɜrtʃ]

v.倾斜;摇晃;东倒西歪; n.突然倾斜;(突然感到)兴奋或失望

anguish ['æŋɡwɪʃ]

n.痛苦v.(使)痛苦;(使)苦恼;悲痛万分

underpin [.ʌndər'pɪn]

v.支持;从下方支持;加固

prevalence ['prevələns]

n.流行;卓越

manifestation [.mænɪfə'steɪʃ(ə)n]

n.表现;显现;发表政见;公开声明

upshot ['ʌp.ʃɑt]

n.最后结果;结局

mortality [mɔr'tæləti]

n.死亡率;生命的有限;死亡数量

不要一时兴起,就要天天在一起

明天见!


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Got to give it up

THE White House has plans to declare the opioid crisis a national emergency.

[1] This concern is justified: in their legal and illegal forms, opioids kill an American every 16 minutes. Yet a focus on opioids has eclipsed the damage caused by an even deadlier, more common substance. Between 2006 and 2010, an average of 106,765 Americans died each year from alcohol-related causes such as liver disease, alcohol poisoning and drunk driving—more than twice the number of overdoses from all drugs and more than triple the number of opioid overdoses in 2015. Although Americans quaff less alcohol per person than the pub-loving British and Irish or the beer fond Germans, they are drinking far more heavily than they used to.

[2] On August 9th, researchers found that the share of Americans who are considered “high-risk” tipplers—women who, in any given week, have at least four drinks in a single day, or men who have five drinks—increased by nearly 30% in the period studied.

[3] Anne Case and Angus Deaton, two (married) economists at Princeton University, roll alcohol poisonings together with opioid deaths and suicides into what they call “deaths of despair”. Having suffered lurching economic and social change, they argue, white folk with high-school diplomas or less have turned to opioids and alcohol for comfort. Such anguish is what they believe underpins a rising mortality rate among middle-aged white Americans, even as that rate falls in other developed countries. Is the rise in problem drinking part of the same phenomenon?

[4] Not obviously. Opioid overdoses are killing more white males than any other group. But heavy drinking seems to be increasing most not among middle-aged whites, but the elderly and certain minority groups. Over the period measured by the JAMA study, the prevalence of alcoholism among Americans over 65 jumped 107%, though from a low base. Among black Americans it rose 93%: a larger share of blacks than whites are now considered to suffer from alcoholism. Women are also hitting the bottle harder. Whereas 5% of women were found to meet the criteria for alcoholism in 2001-02, in 2012-13 that number rose to 9%.

[5] Previous studies suggest that Americans who drink heavily tend to drink very heavily indeed. Analysis by Phillip Cook, a professor at Duke University’s Sanford School of Public Policy, published in 2007 suggested that whereas 30% of Americans did not drink at all in 2001-02, 10% of Americans—or about 24m—had an average often drinks a day. He believes such habits would not look different today.

[6] Bridget Grant, an epidemiologist at the NIAAA and the JAMA study’s principal author, blames the rise in drinking largely on different manifestations of stress. For women, that pressure might stem from their increased participation in the workforce. “It may be that women are finding it difficult to both manage their families and their work, which leads to stress, which invites drinking,” Dr Grant says.

[7] The upshot is that, for the first time since the early 1970s, the mortality rate associated with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis rose dramatically between 2009 and 2013. The decline in mortality rates related to cardiovascular diseases and stroke— both of which can be brought on by heavy drinking—recently slowed. Mitigating the opioid epidemic is critical, but curbing heavy drinking is just as pressing.

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