- 注释版
- 纯净版
导读
硅谷最近流行不吃饭，当然不是完全不吃，而是间歇性断食。本文的作者就是这种断食法的追随者。断食法的要求是五天正常饮食，剩下的两天吃得少（卡路里摄入量约500大卡）。也有像印象笔记 CEO Philip Libin那样好几天不吃不喝的，真不知道是为了健康，还是为了修仙。这些断食的人会一边断食，一边近乎痴迷地追踪自己的各项生理指标，比如身体构成、血糖和血酮水平。酮体是身体消耗自身脂肪储备所产生的，可被身体用作能量来源，并不需要额外摄取碳水化合物来获取能量。
对于断食的好处，本文的作者也给出了一些证据：
比如人类在进化过程中本来就超有耐力，因为要长途跋涉追击猎物，而且动不动还会闹饥荒，所以断食也就成了常态。但是到了现代社会，随着农业科技的发展进步，饥荒越来越少见了，而更多可见的是营养过剩带来的肥胖、高血压以及心脏病。定期断食，给身体一个休息的机会，也不无道理。
但是值得注意的是，硅谷修炼断食的人群有两种：
一种就如本文作者这样的年轻工程师，二三十岁，工作强度高，压力大，在硅谷这种市场竞争激烈的地方，大家都想尽办法提高工作效率。用断食这样的手段也就不足为奇。
还有一种呢，就是像上文提到的Philip Libin那样的硅谷大佬，本来这群人就引领各种潮流，断食算啥？Peter Thiel还追求长生不老呢。
所以，大乐乐准备慎重滴尝试一下，有兴趣的同学可以加入课上大乐乐告诉大家的群组。毕竟，能让咱们身体变得越来越好的事情，还是值得一Try的。
第一步：解决高频单词
sample ['sæmpl]
vt. 取样；抽样检查；尝试 / n. 样品；样本；例子 / adj. 作为例子的；试样的，样品的
exercise ['eksəsaɪz]
vi. 运动；练习
standard ['stændəd]
adj. 标准的；合规格的；
physical labor
体力劳动
stressor ['stresə]
n.增加压力的事情
optimal ['ɒptɪm(ə)l]
adj. 最佳的；最理想的
performance [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]
n. 性能；绩效；表现
famine ['fæmɪn]
n. 饥荒；饥饿
evolve [ɪ'vɒlv]
vi. 发展，进展；进化
survive [sə'vaɪv]
vi. 幸存；活下来
thrive [θraɪv]
vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长
第二步：精读重点段落
（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）
第六段：
Think about the notion of exercising. Going to the gym is a recent phenomenon. Exercise became a part of a standard healthy routine because we as a population stopped doing physical labor. We needed to add this stressor back into our lifestyle to maintain optimal performance.
- exercise vi. 运动；练习
- standard adj. 标准的；合规格的；
- physical labor体力劳动
- stressor n.压力源头
- optimal adj. 最佳的；最理想的
第七段：
Now think about famine cycles and endurance hunts that we were evolved to survive and thrive in. We never stop eating today. Fasting will become a part of a standard healthy routine within the next 5 years. We need to add this stressor back into our lifestyle to maintain optimal performance. Exercise was added to standard healthy living in the past couple decades. Fasting will be added to standard healthy living within the next decade.
- famine n. 饥荒；饥饿
- evolve vi. 发展，进展；进化
- survive vi. 幸存；活下来
- thrive vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长
第三步：攻克必学语法
定语从句又来啦
Now think about famine cycles and endurance hunts that we were evolved to survive and thrive in.
想想我们的祖先不得不熬过那么多次饥荒，经历那么多次长途狩猎，不是仍然欣欣向荣嘛。
famine cycles 饥荒循环，这是直译，大乐乐觉得翻译为那么多次饥荒更好。
endurance hunt 大乐乐在这里翻译为长途狩猎，毕竟，非洲朋友那么能跑，主要就是因为祖先在endurance running hunting啊
that 在这里引导定语从句，定语从句的主语是we，谓语动词是be evolved to do sth，
survive 在这里应该是一个及物动词，thrive呢，则是不及物的，所以后面加了介词in
如果把这个句子拆解一下的话就是：
Now think about famine cycles and endurance hunts.
We were evolved to survive these cycles and hunts.
And we were also evolved to thrive in these cycles and hunts.
是不是一下子清晰多了呢？
对了，在这句话中大乐乐把be evolved to do sth 翻译成不得不做某事，进化嘛，几乎没有自愿的，都是被逼的。比如，不知不觉大家也天天用英语259天了，从一开始的不适应，到比较适应，到开始流利，也是个被迫进化的过程呢。
You are evolved to begin to use English every day.
虽然听起来有点怪，但是是这么回事儿。
加分任务：精读全文
在之前的三步后，你已经完全具备了精读全文的能力。再多花半个小时，让你的学习效果达到120%！
下载音频
（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）
Why I Stopped Eating for Seven days
第一段：
I stopped eating from January 8, 2017 to January 15, 2017. But before I write about this experience, let me give you its context. I started thinking about weekly intermittent fasts late 2015 / early 2016 when my colleague Paul Benigeri challenged me and the rest of my team to fast. Paul was aggressive and immediately challenged us to go for a 60 hour fast. To be clear, this is to stop eating between Sunday dinner to Wednesday breakfast. Michael Brandt was the first one to jump onboard. I was a relative laggard. I have a naturally lanky build and always could eat a lot. Not eating for 60 hours seemed like a suicide mission.
- context n.背景；上下文
- intermittent adj. 间歇的；断断续续的；
- fast n. 斋戒；绝食
- challenge sb to do sth 挑战某人做某事
- laggard n. 落后者；迟钝者
- lanky adj. 瘦长的
- build n. 体形；体格
- a suicide mission 及其危险的任务
第二段：
About the same time Paul began experimenting with fasting, Dr. Sandrine Thuret reached out to me when she heard about my team. She pointed me towards her TED talk about fasting, and she clued me in on fasting as one of the most promising ways to jumpstart neurogenesis, the production of new neurons. This was especially interesting to me as someone dedicated to enhancing human cognition and performance.
- experiment with sth 试用某物
- reach out to sb 联络某人
- clue sb in on sth 给某人提供关于某事的线索
- jumpstart vt. 安装；引进
- neurogenesis n. 神经形成
- neuron n. 神经元
- cognition n. 认识；知识；认识能力
第三段：
There seemed to be something here, so I studied up on as much of it as I could. What I quickly found making my way through PubMed was that there’s a rapidly growing body of science about fasting and it’s benefits for longevity. In fact, a recent high profile study demonstrated caloric restriction’s ability to extend lifespan is now shown on primates.
- PubMed 美国医学论文数据库
- a growing body of 越来越多的
- longevity n. 长寿，长命；寿命
- a high profile study 一项高调的调查研究
- caloric restriction 限制饮食
- extend vt. 延长
- lifespan n. 寿命；预期生命期限；
- primate n. 灵长类动物
第四段
The science looked reasonable and I couldn’t let Paul and Michael have all the fun, so I took the plunge. I must admit that the first couple weeks were horrible. But my mind and body adapted and my fasted days became some of the most productive days in the week for me. Now the entire company is on some variation of a fasting protocol, and we have built a robust biohacking and fasting community around fasting called WeFast.
- plunge n. 投入；跳进
- adapt vi. 适应
- productive adj.多产的；富有成效的
- variation n. 变化；变种
- protocol n. 协议；草案；礼仪
- robust adj. 强健的；健康的
第五段：
As my body started adapting into a new metabolic mode, my mind rapidly sought knowledge to fully understand the biology and its implication. With self-study and basically tutoring sessions with Sumeet Sharma, Dr. Manuel Lam, Dr. Jason Fung, Dr. Kieran Clarke, Dr. Aubrey de Grey to name just a few thought partners, I’m convinced that fasting will be a common practice for all people. The benefits are obvious.
- metabolic adj. 变化的；新陈代谢的
- seek vt. 寻求；寻找；探索；搜索
- implicationn. 含义；暗示；影响
- a common practice 常规做法
- obviousadj. 明显的；显著的；
第六段：
Think about the notion of exercising. Going to the gym is a recent phenomenon. Exercise became a part of a standard healthy routine because we as a population stopped doing physical labor. We needed to add this stressor back into our lifestyle to maintain optimal performance.
- exercise vi. 运动；练习
- standard adj. 标准的；合规格的；
- physical labor体力劳动
- stressor n.压力源头
- optimal adj. 最佳的；最理想的
第七段：
Now think about famine cycles and endurance hunts that we were evolved to survive and thrive in. We never stop eating today. Fasting will become a part of a standard healthy routine within the next 5 years. We need to add this stressor back into our lifestyle to maintain optimal performance.Exercise was added to standard healthy living in the past couple decades. Fasting will be added to standard healthy living within the next decade.
- famine n. 饥荒；饥饿
- evolve vi. 发展，进展；进化
- survive vi. 幸存；活下来
- thrive vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长
第八段：
I fast for performance enhancement. I’m fasting to live longer, to be smarter, and to be stronger. My fasting increases my insulin sensitivity and decreases ambient cholesterol, glucose, and triglycerides. These are all markers that reduce my susceptibility to metabolic syndromes like diabetes. My fasting accelerates the growth of new neurons and elevates my natural human growth hormone production. This makes me a stronger, smarter version of myself.
- insulin n. 胰岛素
- sensitivity n. 敏感；敏感性；过敏
- susceptibility n. 敏感性
- elevate vt. 提升；举起；提振
sample ['sæmpl]
vt. 取样；抽样检查；尝试 / n. 样品；样本；例子 / adj. 作为例子的；试样的，样品的
exercise ['eksəsaɪz]
vi. 运动；练习
standard ['stændəd]
adj. 标准的；合规格的；
physical labor
体力劳动
stressor ['stresə]
n.增加压力的事情
optimal ['ɒptɪm(ə)l]
adj. 最佳的；最理想的
performance [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]
n. 性能；绩效；表现
famine ['fæmɪn]
n. 饥荒；饥饿
evolve [ɪ'vɒlv]
vi. 发展，进展；进化
survive [sə'vaɪv]
vi. 幸存；活下来
thrive [θraɪv]
vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长
不要一时兴起，就要天天在一起
明天见！
下载音频
Why I Stopped Eating for Seven days
第一段：
I stopped eating from January 8, 2017 to January 15, 2017. But before I write about this experience, let me give you its context.I started thinking about weekly intermittent fasts late 2015 / early 2016 when my colleague Paul Benigeri challenged me and the rest of my team to fast. Paul was aggressive and immediately challenged us to go for a 60 hour fast. To be clear, this is to stop eating between Sunday dinner to Wednesday breakfast. Michael Brandt was the first one to jump onboard. I was a relative laggard. I have a naturally lanky build and always could eat a lot. Not eating for 60 hours seemed like a suicide mission.
第二段：
About the same time Paul began experimenting with fasting, Dr. Sandrine Thuret reached out to me when she heard about my team. She pointed me towards her TED talk about fasting, and she clued me in on fasting as one of the most promising ways to jumpstart neurogenesis, the production of new neurons. This was especially interesting to me as someone dedicated to enhancing human cognition and performance.
第三段：
There seemed to be something here, so I studied up on as much of it as I could. What I quickly found making my way through Pubmed was that there’s a rapidly growing body of science about fasting and it’s benefits for longevity. In fact, a recent high profile study demonstrated caloric restriction’s ability to extend lifespan is now shown on primates.
第四段；
The science looked reasonable and I couldn’t let Paul and Michael have all the fun, so I took the plunge. I must admit that the first couple weeks were horrible. But my mind and body adapted and my fasted days became some of the most productive days in the week for me. Now the entire company is on some variation of a fasting protocol, and we have built a robust biohacking and fasting community around fasting called WeFast.
第五段：
As my body started adapting into a new metabolic mode, my mind rapidly sought knowledge to fully understand the biology and its implication. With self-study and basically tutoring sessions with Sumeet Sharma, Dr. Manuel Lam, Dr. Jason Fung, Dr. Kieran Clarke, Dr. Aubrey de Grey to name just a few thought partners, I’m convinced that fasting will be a common practice for all people. The benefits are obvious.
第六段：
Think about the notion of exercising. Going to the gym is a recent phenomenon. Exercise became a part of a standard healthy routine because we as a population stopped doing physical labor. We needed to add this stressor back into our lifestyle to maintain optimal performance.
第七段：
Now think about famine cycles and endurance hunts that we were evolved to survive and thrive in. We never stop eating today. Fasting will become a part of a standard healthy routine within the next 5 years. We need to add this stressor back into our lifestyle to maintain optimal performance.Exercise was added to standard healthy living in the past couple decades. Fasting will be added to standard healthy living within the next decade.
第八段：
I fast for performance enhancement. I’m fasting to live longer, to be smarter, and to be stronger. My fasting increases my insulin sensitivity and decreases ambient cholesterol, glucose, and triglycerides. These are all markers that reduce my susceptibility to metabolic syndromes like diabetes. My fasting accelerates the growth of new neurons and elevates my natural human growth hormone production. This makes me a stronger, smarter version of myself.