第二步：精读重点段落

（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）

第五段（精读）
Telling a lie as a joke or to fool someone is a harmless type of lie, also known as a jocose lie. Passing on information without complete knowledge is known as gossiping. But, it is also a form of lying. Sometimes, people do not want to accept the fact that they do not know the truth, and hence, they lie. This is known as 'fabrication'.

• jocose  adj.诙谐的开玩笑的
• gossip  vi.闲聊；传播流言蜚语
• fabrication  n.编造捏造

第七段（精读）
'Lying by omission' is, nowadays, considered a part and parcel of business, when a salesman purposefully creates a misconception by omitting certain facts. In business, one may need to lie in order to maintain good relations or even to sell products. Lying for a deceptive gain is considered a harmful type of lying. On the other hand, a doctor not telling the truth about his patients' health to avoid affright among his family; or a policeman lying in order to avoid panic is a noble lie.

• part and parcel   重要的部分
• omit  vt. 省略忽略
• deceptive   adj.欺骗性的

（Tips: 双击文中单词可以查释义并加入你的生词本哦）

Why Do People Lie?

The nature of lies is to please. —Katherine Dunn

第一段
Lying is morally wrong and is always discouraged. But, unfortunately it is quite commonplace and comes naturally to human beings. There are different types of lies, viz., a white lie, fabrication, a noble lie, a lie-to-children, etc. There are various reasons why people lie. Fear is one of the most prominent ones.

• commonplace   adj./n. 老生常谈的，司空见惯的
• viz.   abbr. 即，也就是
• prominent   adj. 突出的

Personal Reasons for Lying

第二段
Apart from fear, escaping punishment is also an obvious reason why people lie. When a person is aware that he will be punished for his deed, he tends to lie. It is a natural reflexive human reaction to distance oneself from wrongdoings or faults. This is commonly found in children in order to get out of trouble.

第三段
Another common reason why people indulge in lying is to improve their image or save face. They constantly wish to portray themselves as good, polite, successful, etc., in short, possessing all positive human qualities. Exaggeration and bluffing are two other types of lies, and methods adopted by people to impress or mislead others.

• indulge   vi. 沉溺于
• bluff    vt.吓唬，愚弄

第四段
Though we all know that relationships are based on trust and truthfulness, lovers usually lie to each other or keep secrets. Misleading someone in love is an unforgivable crime. As, when found out, it can lead to distrust, misgivings and a broken relationship. Cheating on your partner by lying is a harmful way of deception. People lie in relationships to continue the goodwill and also to impress the partner. There may also be other harmful motives for deception.

• deception   n.欺骗

第五段（精读）
Telling a lie as a joke or to fool someone is a harmless type of lie, also known as a jocose lie. Passing on information without complete knowledge is known as gossiping. But, it is also a form of lying. Sometimes, people do not want to accept the fact that they do not know the truth, and hence, they lie. This is known as 'fabrication'.

• jocose    adj.诙谐的开玩笑的
• gossip    vi.闲聊；传播流言蜚语
• fabrication     n.编造捏造

Social Reasons for Lying

第六段
People lie in society to look agreeable, to maintain good relations and to avoid disagreement with others. These lies are known as 'white lies'. People tend to lie more when in company. In such a situation, there is no difference between a man lying or a woman lying. People lie in order to protect privacy about oneself as well as others and also to maintain self-worth and self-esteem. Lying is not considered harmful and deceptive if someone lies to refrain from hurting others' feelings.

• maintain    vt. 保持
• refrain    vi.节制克制

第七段（精读）
'Lying by omission' is, nowadays, considered a part and parcel of business, when a salesman purposefully creates a misconception by omitting certain facts. In business, one may need to lie in order to maintain good relations or even to sell products. Lying for a deceptive gain is considered a harmful type of lying. On the other hand, a doctor not telling the truth about his patients' health to avoid affright among his family; or a policeman lying in order to avoid panic is a noble lie.

• part and parcel    重要的部分
• omit    vt. 省略忽略
• deceptive  adj.欺骗性的

Compulsive Lying

第八段
Some people also suffer from a disorder known as compulsive. These people, known as chronic liars, acquire a habit of lying and tend to lie in any and every situation. Lying comes naturally to them and they find it almost difficult to tell the truth. Compulsive lying is a disorder that develops from early adolescence. One must keep an eye out for signs of compulsive lying. It should also be noted that chronic liars mean no harm and most of the time they do it unintentionally.

How to Stop Lying?

第九段
One of the common reasons for lying is lack of self-confidence. The person may be lying to present a good image in society and acceptance of others. Building confidence through self-motivation and other inspirational methods can be one of the helpful ways to stop compulsive lying. Explaining the person consequences of lying effectively is another helpful method that can be used. It is more applicable in case of children and teenagers.

第十段
Compulsive lying is a disorder that needs to be handled sensitively. The person suffering from it must first accept that he is at fault and needs help to get over it. Self-hypnosis and counseling are some of the effective methods to stop compulsive lying. Last, but not the least, you need to make the person understand that confessing and apologizing, although seemingly difficult, is an effective way of getting over lying and re-building your image and self-respect.

• compulsive    adj.强制的
• confess    vi.承认
• apologize vi.道歉