- 注释版
- 纯净版
原文:
来自FreeGrit潇洒毅行的友情提醒：
理解句子的关键，在于理解谓语，因此动词便是核心。而动词的时态变化等，也是国内应试考试的重点。所以对于初级、中级学习者来说，背单词，在精力有限的情况下，可以优先解决动词。对于进阶的学习者来说，简洁精准地用恰当的动词进行表达，也能体现了一个人的英语功底。比如你想说，安静轻微地抱怨，complain mildly, 就可以用文中的whimper来替代。
这篇文章主要是在讲，狗狗是如何向主人传递自己的喜爱等情感的，里面就涉及到大量的动词，大家预习时，可留意下动词以及其他加粗词汇。
Adorable （可爱的）Ways How Dogs Show Affection
Affection
/ə'fekʃən/
n. 喜爱
a feeling of liking and caring for someone.
喜欢和关爱，以及浪漫的爱。
适用场地:
- 情侣之间
- 家庭成员之间，父母子女，老人孩子
- 对一个地方，物体的喜爱
原文的affection，就是在说狗对主人的喜爱，是像家庭成员间的一样。
[1] （略读）
Dogs were chosen to become man's closest pets because of their loving and loyal （忠诚的） nature. This is the reason why dogs are known as man's best friends. Canines do not suffer from ego （自尊） problems and will always remain willing to shower their affection onto their master and the family. Since dogs are pack animals, they have the innate （内在的）tendency of looking up to one single leader. That leader will be the owner of the dog and specifically （尤其地） the one, who spends the maximum （最多的） time with the dog.
shower
/ˈʃawɚ/
v. 大量提供
provide with something in large amounts
shower their affection onto their master and the family
（狗）会给他们的主人提供很多的喜爱
本意：喷洒，淋浴，下雨
延伸：像淋浴、下雨一样喷洒。
句型：
shower sth on sb
shower sb with sth
例句：
He showered kisses on her.
练习1： He gave her many kisses，用shower sb with 如何改？
He showered her with kisses.
练习2：请用红包来羞辱我吧
shower me with red envelopes/ credit cards
shower喷洒之意，算作婉转地表示羞辱
[2] （略读）
For many, dogs are like family members and are treated as such. It so happens that, first-time owners of a puppy （幼犬） or a grown up dog, find it confusing to comprehend （理解，懂） the behavior of their dog. This article discusses the ways in which dogs show affection and how you can use these signs to understand what your dog is trying to tell you.
Wagging The Tail
[3] （精读）
The position of a dog's tail can say a lot about its mood. An erect (挺立的) and straight tail will show alertness （机敏）, while a tail stuck （被…困住的 ）in between the legs shows that the dog is scared or guarded. A tail wagging （摇摆）excitedly is an indication that the dog is extremely happy to see you and will welcome you. Therefore, their wagging tails are a telltale （指示器） sign of how excited they are to have you around!
摇
wag / swing / shake / wave
swing：摆动，摇摆，挥舞
荡秋千、挥舞球杆/武器/宝剑
swing a sword
名词：秋千
wag：常用于动物的尾巴、手指、头
表示否定、不开心
wag a disapproving finger
wag her head unhappily
shake ：
1.比较暴力、快速地摇
近义词：wag
握手，shake hands
摇头，shake heads
2.身体在颤抖
例句：
He stood there, whining and shaking with fear.
他站在那，恐惧地颤抖着哀嚎。
wave：波浪起伏地摇，发信号
摇旗呐喊，wave the flag
招手叫一辆出租车，wave down a taxi
have you around
how excited they are to have you around
有你在身边，他们非常兴奋
句型：
有某人在身边，have sb around
Whining and Whimpering
[4] （精读）
Dogs make soft whimpering sounds that come from deep inside their throats and sound like happy gurgles （咯咯的笑声）! They may sometimes make soft growling （咆哮的） sounds, but these will be sweet and non-aggressive. They will whine softly while wagging their tail, which should be proof （证据）enough that the dog is craving for its master's attention.
whimper
/'wɪmpə/
v. 呜咽，低声牢骚，
complain in a weak way/ a quiet crying sound
whine
/waɪn/
v.抱怨，牢骚，哀鸣
complain in an annoying way, a high crying sound
例句：
He's always whining about the weather.
他总是抱怨天气。
[Quote]
You've got to embrace the future. You can whine about it, but you've got to embrace it.
——Matt Groening
whimper和whine区别:
whimper是低声的，轻轻地;
whine 是高声地抱怨;
翻译成中文，都是抱怨，但程度和方式不同
A lot of people like to complain, but they don't wanna do anything about their situation.
complain = whine
complain about their jobs = whine about their jobs
[Quote]
Maturity is the ability to reap without apology and not complain when things don't go well.
——Jim Rohn
crave
/kreɪv/
v. 强烈的渴望、恳求
用法： crave (for) sth
可以有for，也可以没有
原文：
the dog is craving for its master's attention
练习：
crave for attention/ sugar/video games/ champions
名词： craving
对食物的渴望
a craving for food/ freedom
Licking
[5] （略读）
Alright, one fact that all dog owners know for sure is that dogs love licking their masters（主人）. This is an instinctive（本能的） behavior which dogs imbibe （接受）as pups（幼崽）.The reason dogs lick is because newborn puppies are licked by their parents so as to keep them clean and secure. Licking assures (确保）the puppies that the mother is always around. Therefore, dogs licking their master and other members of the family, is the dog's way of grooming their loved ones and showing that they are there for their human companions（伙伴们）.
groom
/gruːm/
vt. 整饰、 打扮
n. 新郎
例句:
groom himself carefully in front of the mirror
在镜子前仔细地打扮他自己
Standing Up on Hind Feet
[6] （略读）
Dogs will often stand up on their hind （后面的） feet with their front paws （前爪） pointing towards their master. This animated （活跃的）gesture, can usually be seen when the dog is leashed（ 被皮带系住的） and cannot run to greet its master. This shows that the dog wants its owner to come to him and let him free to be allowed to play. Dogs will also run up to you and place their front paws on your knee while you are standing or sitting.
Rolling Over
[7]（略读）
Many dogs will excitedly roll over on their backs the moment they see their master. This is because, dogs love a good tummy （肚子） rub and are asking for one. This gives them some one-on-one time with their owner, which helps them feel loved and cared.
Roll
/rol/
v. 打滚
over翻过来
roll over on their backs: 在地上打滚，背靠地，肚子朝着你
Many dogs will excitedly roll over on their backs
发音:
r在词头
- 嘴和嘴唇向前，绷紧肌肉
a. 就像[uː] 发音
b. 猥琐地亲吻你暗恋的人
c. 嘴唇上翻，能够夹起一支笔
- 舌头后移,往后拉。
练习：
- 延长R的发音，慢慢来
a. RRRock
- R开头
a. rock
b. reach
c. road
d. rain
发roll时，把嘴撅起来，舌头往后拉，最后的ll发音，舌头停在上齿龈那儿。
roll over on their backs
连音: rol lover
rub
/rʌb/
v. 挠痒
a tummy rub
tummy: 肚子、胃
小朋友用语
近义词：belly 、stomach
成人用语
Nudging with the Nose
[8]（略读）
Sometimes and very rarely would a dog, nudge your hands and push it upwards for you to pat it. This is a gesture that dogs practice when they are feeling left out and really want some affection. The dog may perhaps be feeling low and upset, and wants to feel secure, and thus wants you to pat （轻拍）it for a while.
nudge
/nʌdʒ/
v.
- 轻轻推动
例句：
nudge with the nose
狗狗用鼻子轻轻推你
2.用胳膊肘，或者是膝盖轻推别人，提醒别人注意
你上课睡着了，班主任走过来。你同桌说
“wake up” he said, and nudged you.
3.抽象的含义，温和地说服别人
persuade gently , encourage
句型：
nudge sb to do sth
例句：
She never fails to nudge her boyfriend to buy a new cellphone.
她总能说服他的男朋友给她买一个新的手机。
never fail to do = always
Scratching the Floor with Paws
[9]（略读）
Dogs when held in a leash （栓狗的皮带）will scratch (抓）away on the floor or any other surface, if they are not being allowed to come close to their master or let free to loiter （溜圈）. This is their way of showing impatience at being held up and their yearning to interact.
yearn
/jɝn/
v. 渴望
近义词：crave
区别：yearn必须加介词for, yearn for sth.
crave可以不加
long
adj. 长度长的
v. 强烈渴望，同样介词用for
例句：
She longed for peace
扩展：
吾王万岁万岁万万岁
long live the king
友谊长存，友谊万岁
long live friendship
细微差别，
yearn：暗含渴望时，带着一些忧伤的感情
long：暗示了你渴望的东西，是要通过努力/运气才能得到的
Resting their Head On your Lap
[10]（精读）
Many dogs will come and rest their head on their master's lap, simply because they feel safe and happy doing so. They want to feel their master's presence and wish to remain nearby. They may also slobber （流口水） all over your clothes if there are really exited. They may try to climb onto your lap; conveniently forgetting about how big they might have become, since they were puppies and when you used to pick them up often!
rest
v. 休息
rest their head on their master's lap
把头枕在你的腿上
lap:膝盖上面一点的地方
laptop是笔记本
rest很万金油，对应中文里很多动词
He rested his hand on her shoulder. 把手搭在肩上
He rested his chin（下巴） in his hands. 用手撑下巴的动作。
She rest her head on his arms. 把手臂当枕头
Rubbing their Body
[11]（略读）
Like cats, dogs too will sometimes rub the side of their torso （身体）against the legs of their master. This is a rare gesture and is usually done when the dog is not being given adequate attention or is feeling ill.
Bringing you Things
[12]（略读）
Dogs will use their paws and mouth to bring small things to you, such as the newspaper, the ball, or even your shoes. This is their way of telling you to play with them and spend some time with them.
Play-Bow Stance
[13]（精读）
The play-bow stance （姿态） in dogs is a clear and evident sign that the dog is extremely excited and wishes to play at that very moment! Dogs take this stance while you play catch with them, as well as when they are playing with the kids, and other dogs. They'll also take this stance when they see their food approaching and are really hungry and happy that their grub （食物） has finally arrived!
Review
1.affection = a feeling of liking and caring for someone
2.shower = provide with something in large amounts
3.摇 wag / swing / shake / wave
4.有某人在身边，have sb around
5.whimper低声的，轻轻地抱怨; whine 高声地抱怨
6.groom整饰、 打扮
7.roll over on their backs: 在地上打滚，背靠地，肚子朝着你
8.a tummy rub挠肚子
9.nudge 轻轻推动，用胳膊肘碰，温和地说服别人
10.渴望：crave/yearn/long 都是和介词for连用
纠音
R在词头
1.嘴和嘴唇向前，绷紧肌肉
a. 就像[uː] 发音
b. 猥琐地亲吻你暗恋的人
c. 嘴唇上翻，能够夹起一支笔
课后练习
句型改写：He gave her many kisses，用shower如何改？
写下你最渴望的东西，用crave yearn long造句, 并且前两个词，还可以用名词形式造句。
发音练习：回忆下，R在开头，发音的要领。练习以下单词的发音（录音，和标准音对比）
a. rock
b. a tummy rub
c. road
d. roll over
原文:
来自FreeGrit潇洒毅行的友情提醒：
理解句子的关键，在于理解谓语，因此动词便是核心。而动词的时态变化等，也是国内应试考试的重点。所以对于初级、中级学习者来说，背单词，在精力有限的情况下，可以优先解决动词。对于进阶的学习者来说，简洁精准地用恰当的动词进行表达，也能体现了一个人的英语功底。比如你想说，安静轻微地抱怨，complain mildly, 就可以用文中的whimper来替代。
我挑选的这篇文章，主要是在讲，狗狗是如何向主人传递自己的喜爱等情感的，里面就涉及到大量的动词，大家预习时，可留意下，动词以及其他加粗词汇。
[1] Dogs were chosen to become man's closest pets because of their loving and loyal nature. This is the reason why dogs are known as man's best friends. Canines do not suffer from ego problems and will always remain willing to shower their affection onto their master and the family. Since dogs are pack animals, they have the innate tendency of looking up to one single leader. That leader will be the owner of the dog and specifically the one, who spends the maximum time with the dog.
[2] For many, dogs are like family members and are treated as such. It so happens that, first-time owners of a puppy or a grown up dog, find it confusing to comprehend the behavior of their dog. This article discusses the ways in which dogs show affection and how you can use these signs to understand what your dog is trying to tell you.
Wagging The Tail
[3] The position of a dog's tail can say a lot about its mood. An erect and straight tail will show alertness, while a tail stuck in between the legs shows that the dog is scared or guarded. A tail wagging excitedly is an indication that the dog is extremely happy to see you and will welcome you. Therefore, their wagging tails are a telltale sign of how excited they are to have you around!
Whining and Whimpering
[4] Dogs make soft whimpering sounds that come from deep inside their throats and sound like happy gurgles! They may sometimes make soft growling sounds, but these will be sweet and non-aggressive. They will whine softly while wagging their tail, which should be proof enough that the dog is craving for its master's attention.
Licking
[5] Alright, one fact that all dog owners know for sure is that dogs love licking their masters. This is an instinctive behavior which dogs imbibe as pups. The reason dogs lick is because newborn puppies are licked by their parents so as to keep them clean and secure. Licking assures the puppies that the mother is always around. Therefore, dogs licking their master and other members of the family, is the dog's way of grooming their loved ones and showing that they are there for their human companions.
Standing Up on Hind Feet
[6] Dogs will often stand up on their hind feet with their front paws pointing towards their master. This animated gesture, can usually be seen when the dog is leashed and cannot run to greet its master. This shows that the dog wants its owner to come to him and let him free to be allowed to play. Dogs will also run up to you and place their front paws on your knee while you are standing or sitting.
Rolling Over
[7] Many dogs will excitedly roll over on their backs the moment they see their master. This is because, dogs love a good tummy rub and are asking for one. This gives them some one-on-one time with their owner, which helps them feel loved and cared.
Nudging with the Nose
[8] Sometimes and very rarely would a dog, nudge your hands and push it upwards for you to pat it. This is a gesture that dogs practice when they are feeling left out and really want some affection. The dog may perhaps be feeling low and upset, and wants to feel secure, and thus wants you to pat it for a while.
Scratching the Floor with Paws
[9] Dogs when held in a leash will scratch away on the floor or any other surface, if they are not being allowed to come close to their master or let free to loiter. This is their way of showing impatience at being held up and their yearning to interact.
Resting their Head On your Lap
[10] Many dogs will come and rest their head on their master's lap, simply because they feel safe and happy doing so. They want to feel their master's presence and wish to remain nearby. They may also slobber all over your clothes if there are really exited. They may try to climb onto your lap; conveniently forgetting about how big they might have become, since they were puppies and when you used to pick them up often!
Rubbing their Body
[11] Like cats, dogs too will sometimes rub the side of their torso against the legs of their master. This is a rare gesture and is usually done when the dog is not being given adequate attention or is feeling ill.
Bringing you Things
[12] Dogs will use their paws and mouth to bring small things to you, such as the newspaper, the ball, or even your shoes. This is their way of telling you to play with them and spend some time with them.
Play-Bow Stance
[13] The play-bow stance in dogs is a clear and evident sign that the dog is extremely excited and wishes to play at that very moment! Dogs take this stance while you play catch with them, as well as when they are playing with the kids, and other dogs. They'll also take this stance when they see their food approaching and are really hungry and happy that their grub has finally arrived!
思考题
想想你最渴望的东西，用文中的表达“非常渴望”这个含义的词汇造句。（提示，有两个词，分别是c和y开头）