The 2 Mental Shifts Highly Successful People Make (上)

来源: https://medium.com/the-mission/the-2-mental-shifts-every-highly-successful-person-makes-c757ead99a99

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引子：

“When you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change.”— Max Planck, German quantum theorist and Nobel Prize winner 很有道理的一句话:

当你改变自己看世界的方式时，世界也就随之改变了。
Paradigm Shift 典范转移
paradigm-shift:A shift in direction of any business or strategy of a nation from the past for the betterment of future.

第一段（精读）

There are two primary mental shifts that occur in the lives of all highly successful people. Many make the first, but very few make the second. Both of these shifts require a great deal of mental stretching（拉伸） from conventional（传统的） and societal（社会的） ways of thinking. In many ways, these shifts require you to unlearn（忘却；抛弃以前的想法） the negative（负面的） and sabotaging（破坏性的） programming（规划；设计） from your youth, public education, and even adulthood.

金词们：

unlearn vt. [ʌn'lɜːn] 忘却；抛弃（以前的想法）
关于unlearn的概念：
Unlearning is not reframing or refreezing or something along that lines. They all focus on an end state whereas unlearning is about moving away from something rather than moving towards something.
So unlearning is exactly what it says. Intending to let go of what we have already learned or acquired. It is not about right or wrong. It is about being open to and exploring something that lies underneath the judgment, underneath the right and the wrong.

金句们：

In many ways, these shifts require you to unlearn（忘却；抛弃以前的想法） the negative（负面的） and sabotaging（破坏性的） programming（规划；设计） from your youth, public education, and even adulthood.
有的时候，为了获得新知，我们必须要忘记从小学到的，学校教育所赋予的，甚至是成年阶段习得的各种负面破坏性想法。
比如：
我已经大学毕业了，还有必要学英语吗？
读书？那是读书人的事情。
我的智力是固定的。

第二段：（精读）

The foundation of the first shift is the sublime（出众的；超群的） power of choice and individual responsibility. Once you make this shift, you are empowered（使能够，许可） to pull yourself from poverty of time（没时间）, finances, and relationships. In other words, the first shift allows you to create a happy and prosperous（成功的） life, where, for the most part, you control how and on what you invest（投入） your time.

金词们：

sublime adj .[səˈblaɪm] 超群的；出众的
empower vt.[ɪm'paʊə; em-] 授权；允许
empower sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事

金句们：

Once you make this shift, you are empowered（使能够，许可） to pull yourself from poverty of time（没时间）, finances, and relationships（这个词，大家还记得布拉格爱写情书的卡夫卡吗？）.
一旦你做出了这个改变，你就能够避免时间短缺，财务困境以及情感危机。
关于时间的表达：
manage one's time 管理时间
budget one's time 安排时间
poverty of time 没时间
invest one's time on sth 把时间花在某处
Invest your time on running and reading. 跑步和读书，绝对不会错。

第三段：（精读）

Unfortunately, the results of the first shift can be overly-satisfying（过于让人满足的） on one hand or paralyzing（令人麻痹的） on the other. Thus, few people ascend to（上升到） the second shift. Hence, Greg McKeown, bestselling author of Essentialism explains, “Success can become a catalyst（催化剂） for failure.”

背景补充，Greg Mckeown是谁？
Greg McKeown (born in London, England, in 1977) is a public speaker,leadership and business consultant, and an author. He is the founder and CEO of THIS, Inc., a leadership and strategy design agency based in Silicon Valley. In 2012, The World Economic Forum inducted McKeown into the Forum of Young Global Leaders.
His most recent project, Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less, (Crown Business, April 2014),is a business and self-help book that discusses how to lead a more meaningful and successful life.

金词们：

catalyst n. ['kæt(ə)lɪst] 催化剂

金句们：

Success can become a catalyst（催化剂） for failure.
成功有的时候是失败之母。

第四段：（略读）

For example, when a musician starts out, they write lots of music for the love of it. Their dreams are often huge. If they end up becoming successful, in almost every case, they’ll begin producing less and less music overtime. This happens for one of two reasons:

1. Their focus shifts from why they’re writing music to what their music has brought them. Consequently, they are either satisfied with their results and no longer have the drive（动力） to write more. Or, they desire to make more music but the fire（动力） (their “why”) is gone, and thus, they can’t create the same depth and quality they once did.
2. They become perfectionist（完美主义者） and paralyzed. They fear their best work is behind them. Elizabeth Gilbert describes her paralysis in her beautiful TED talk. After the mega-success of Eat, Pray, Love, Gilbert couldn’t get herself to write. She knew she wouldn’t be able to replicate the results of Eat, Pray, Love. This paralysis is where many, many people get stuck.

However, Gilbert is different from most, because, as she explains in her TED talk, she continued forward in spite of her success. In order to do so, she forced herself to fail a few times — just to “get it out of her system.” Once she did this, her emotional blocks were gone and she was able to continue her creative career.

这一段告诉我们，成功有的时候就是更大成功的绊脚石。著名作家Elizabeth Gilbert写出了超级畅销书《一辈子做女孩》，结果这本书却成了她继续成功的障碍，因为她会担心自己无法重现往日辉煌，而不敢去尝试新的事物。有兴趣的同学可以去TED上看看Gilbert的演讲：Success，failure and the drive to keep creating. 相信会对你有所启发。
我们一旦取得点小小的成功，在享受成功喜悦的同时，也就成了成功的奴隶：
1. 我们的重点就从做这件事本身转移到了做这件事能带给我什么这种想法上啦。
2. 我们变成了一事无成的完美主义者。
所以保持住自己的drive 和 fire真的很重要，要不断清零。

第五段：（精读）

The foundation（基础） of the second shift is transcending（胜过；超越） your own independence, wherein your thinking stretches（伸展） far beyond yourself. Thus, the second shift begins with 10x thinking and subsequently requires you build a team/network that brings your ideas into physical form.

金词们：

transcend vt. [træn'send; trɑːn-] 胜过；超越
stretch vi [stretʃ] 伸展；延伸

金句们：

The foundation（基础） of the second shift is transcending（胜过；超越） your own independence, wherein your thinking stretches far beyond yourself.
第二个变化的基础就是超越自我，让自己的思路不受小我的禁锢。
在第二个变化中，大乐乐最喜欢的概念就是10X thinking。10倍速思考方式。
有的时候，我们总觉得，时机不成熟，我还没准备好，还不够完美，结果一辈子一事无成。
如果我们用10倍速思考方式的话，这些障碍自然而然会烟消云散。

In this article, I explain the process of experiencing the first and second shift. Let’s begin:

Shift 1: The Power of Choice

The following are the core（核心的） components of your mental model after you’ve experienced the first shift: You are responsible “If it is to be, it is up to me.” — William H. Johnsen, famed African-American painter

如果这件事要发生，那是因为我想让它发生。
be 发生
to be or not to be 哈姆雷特的名言：生存还是毁灭？
The unbearable lightness of being 米兰昆德拉的名著：不能承受的生命之轻。

第一段：（略读）出错了？先怪你自己。

In order to make the first shift, you must go from an external locus of control（外控力） to an internal locus of control（内控力）. This is the scientific way of saying: you stop playing the victim（装可怜） to external circumstances and take responsibility for（承担责任） your life.
You are responsible for how you respond to life. No longer do you impulsively（冲动地） react. No longer do you blame others for any lack on your part.

你要为自己的生活负责，不能再随心所欲想干啥干啥，不能把责任再推卸到别人头上。

You are 100% responsible for your marriage, for example. None of this 50/50 business. It’s all on you. If it fails, it was your fault. You made choices and now there are consequences. Of course others may be involved, but you can’t blame them for your choices.
In the book, Extreme Ownership: How U.S. Navy SEALs Lead and Win, authors Jocko Willink and Leif Babin explain this level of responsibility as fundamental to true leadership. Hence, there are no bad teams, only bad leaders.（没有坏员工，只有坏领导）Any negative outcomes of a team operation fall square on(完全责怪) the leader. Any positive outcomes, conversely, are awarded primarily to the team.
Self-leadership, similarly, involves the same level of responsibility. If something doesn’t work out, who (or what) do you blame? If anything but yourself, you’ll remain hostage to things outside your control.

出错的时候你会怪谁？或者怪什么？比如小孩子摔倒了，作为妈妈，你会责怪地面吗？如果你认为犯错的原因不是你自身，那么，你就永远为外物所奴役。

第二段：（略读）

Every choice has a cost and consequence. Free-will doesn’t exist. You aren’t “free” to act however you want, unless you’re willing to accept the consequences of those actions. As Stephen R. Covey explains,
We control our actions, but the consequences that flow from those actions are controlled by principles.
The only way to avoid negative consequences, then, is to understand the principles governing（控制） natural consequences. Hence, highly successful people are continually learning and striving to（努力做某事） better understand the world around them.
You can’t be free to act if you don’t understand the consequences of your behavior. Ignorance（无知） is not bliss（赐福）, but bondage（束缚） to negative consequences without understanding the source and reason for those consequences. Combine（结合） this ignorance with a victim mentality（被害者心态） and you have a destructive cocktail.（失败的原因）
Yet, once you realize that every choice — even small ones — will yield（产生） an outcome, you can then decide which outcomes you want. No choice is free. Every choice is tied to an outcome. Thus, every choice has meaning.
The final consequence (and cost) of every choice is TIME! You can’t get your time back. Of course, you can course correct（修正路线）. You can learn from past mistakes. You can solve problems. But there is always a cost. Once you realize that, you’re far more sensitive about spending time on non-essential activities.

金词们：

govern vt ['gʌv(ə)n] 控制
ignorance n ['ɪgn(ə)r(ə)ns] 无知
bliss n. [blɪs] 赐福
bondage n. ['bɒndɪdʒ] 束缚
yield vt. [jiːld] 产生

金句们：

We control our actions, but the consequences that flow from those actions are controlled by principles.
我们控制自己的行为，但是这些行为的后果则是由背后的原则来控制的。
Hence, highly successful people are continually learning and striving to（努力做某事） better understand the world around them.
因此，超级成功人士不断努力去更好地理解周遭世界。
Combine（结合） this ignorance with a victim mentality（被害者心态） and you have a destructive cocktail.（失败的原因）
无知加上受害者心态是失败的原因。
The final consequence (and cost) of every choice is TIME!
你的每一个决定的最终代价就是时间。

第三段：（精读）

Success (and happiness) is a choice. Success, health, and happiness are all consequences. They are bi-products(副产品）. They are effects, not causes. You can’t control the effects; principles control these. However, you can control the causes of these things, which are your behaviors. Negative environmental factors? Change them.
A recent meta-analysis shows that most people misunderstand confidence. Confidence doesn’t lead to high performance.（自信并不能提高生产力） Rather, confidence is a bi-product of previous（先前的） performance.For example, if you start your day well, you’re likely to have confidence throughout the rest of your day. If you start poorly, that prior（先前的） performance will sap（耗光） your confidence, even subconsciously.
Get this clear: confidence is a direct reflection（反映） of past performance. Hence, yesterday is more important than today. Luckily, today is tomorrow’s yesterday. So, even if your confidence today isn’t optimal（最佳的）, your confidence tomorrow is still within your control.

搞清楚这一点：自信是过去成功的反映。所以，昨日比今日更重要。但是幸运的是，今天就是明天的昨天。所以，既是今天的你还不那么自信，明天依然在你掌控中。
Once you’ve made the first mental shift, you know that your emotional state is your own responsibility and the product of your choices. If you want to be confident, that’s up to you. If you want to be happy, that’s up to you. If you want to be successful, that’s up to you.
你的选择你做主，世界什么样，在于你怎么看它。所谓心外无物，差不多如此。

金词们：

confidence n ['kɒnfɪd(ə)ns] 信心
previous adj ['priːvɪəs] 先前的
prior adj ['praɪə] 先前的
sap vt. [sæp] 耗光
reflection n [rɪ'flekʃ(ə)n] 反映
optimal adj ['ɒptɪm(ə)l] 最佳的
be up to sb 取决于某人

金句们：

Get this clear: confidence is a direct reflection（反映） of past performance. Hence, yesterday is more important than today. Luckily, today is tomorrow’s yesterday. So, even if your confidence today isn’t optimal（最佳的）, your confidence tomorrow is still within your control.
搞清楚这一点：自信是过去成功的反映。所以，昨日比今日更重要。但是幸运的是，今天就是明天的昨天。所以，既是今天的你还不那么自信，明天依然在你掌控中。

第四段：（精读）

Momentum（动力；势头） is essential “When you experience positive momentum, you’ll never want it to stop.” — Dan Sullivan, founder of Strategic Coach
Finally, people who have experienced this first mental shift really care about momentum. They’ve worked hard to develop their momentum and know what it feels like to not have momentum.Being without momentum is rough（困难的）. It’s how most people live their lives. And without momentum, results are minimal（最小的）, even with lots of effort.
Consistency（一致性；持之以恒） is key to developing momentum. You get it by putting intentional effort toward a singular goal or vision, and eventually the compound effect（复利效应） takes over. It’s as though several outside sources are working for your good. Because, they are.

持之以恒是保持动力的关键。向着一个目标或者愿景不断刻意努力，最终你就能见识复利的力量。那就好像忽然有很多外部神秘力量在帮助你一般，而事实的确如此。
Keeping momentum once you have it, then, becomes very important. Hence, you must maintain（保持） a thirst（渴望） for continual learning and growth.

金词们：

momentum n [mə'mentəm] 动力；势头
consistency n [kən'sɪst(ə)nsɪ] 一致性；持之以恒
compound adj.['kɒmpaʊnd] 复合的
maintain vt [meɪn'teɪn; mən'teɪn] 保持
thirst n [θɜːst] 渴望

金句们：

Consistency（一致性；持之以恒） is key to developing momentum.You get it by putting intentional effort toward a singular goal or vision, and eventually the compound effect（复利效应） takes over.
持之以恒是保持动力的关键。向着一个目标或者愿景不断刻意努力，最终你就能见识复利的力量。
Keeping momentum once you have it, then, becomes very important. Hence, you must maintain（保持） a thirst（渴望） for continual learning and growth.
然后，你就要保持住这股动力，要对不断学习和成长充满渴望。

第五段：（略读）

Most people get stuck at the first shift. If you take complete responsibility for your life and choices, you will develop a love for learning. You’ll come to understand and live principles which will organically facilitate success in your life.
However, there’s a far higher level beyond this first shift, and most people never get there.In the book, Tribal Leadership authors Dave Logan, John King, and Halee Fischer-Wright explain the different cultures of organizations.
Most organizations operate in a “Stage 3” culture, where everyone is “out for themselves.” Thus, the goal of Stage 3 cultures is competition（竞争） rather than collaboration（合作）. Yet, this competition actually occurs with the other people within the same organization. Everyone is trying to “get up the ladder.” Hence, there is sucking up, backstabbing, secrecy, and other nonsense.
People within these cultures don’t care about the organization as a whole. They only care about what the organization can do for them. They also only engage in relationships so far as those relationships benefit （对...有益）them. It’s all about them. And for this reason, they suffer. They can’t think beyond their own needs and wishes. Thus, their vision for themselves and the world is actually quite small and limited.

第六段：（精读）

The primary stumbling blocks for successful people who have made the first shift are as follows:
It’s all about “them”
他们变得自私了。
Their vision（视野） doesn’t extend beyond their own needs and goals
他们只关注自己的得失和目标。
They become satisfied with and distracted(分散注意力) by their success
成功让他们得意自满，不再专注。
They stop doing the very things that created their success (i.e., they stop learning and working)
他们不再热爱让他们成功的事物。（停止学习，不再练功）
They forget their “why”
他们忘记了为什么要做这些。
They become perfectionist, and lose their drive to fail and learn.
他们成了完美主义者，不敢失败，不再学习。
They over-attach themselves to their success and perceived（可感知到的） identity.
他们过分在意已取得的成功和地位。
They go from offense to defense — rather than seeking more they focus their energy on maintaining what they’ve acquired.
他们从进攻转为防守-相对于攻城略地，他们更喜欢偏安一隅。
They become obsessed with constant affirmation from themselves and others, and stop seeking genuine feedback.
他们喜欢听别人的阿谀奉承，听不进逆耳忠言。
They don’t learn how to work well with others.
他们开始无法与其他人合作。
They think their way is the “right” way.
他们认为自己总是对的。
They can’t trust other people enough to delegate or collaborate.
他们无法放权，因为他们基本上不信任任何人。
If you are seeking a life of individual happiness and prosperity, you need read no further. However, if you want a much higher degree of growth, relationships, and contribution, here’s how the second shift works.
To be continued.（未完待续）

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