- 注释版
- 纯净版
1. Cheerleader Effect: Why People Are More Beautiful in Groups
原文链接: http://www.theatlantic.com
[1] Who should I hang out with if I want to look the most attractive? And how many of said people must I acquire?
- said people = people mentioned before
[2] The basic idea of research published this week in the journal Psychological Science is that our asymmetries and disproportionalities tend to "average out" amid a group of faces, and our weird little faces are perceived as slightly less weird.
- Amid 在…围绕之中，在…发生的同时
- Perceive 感觉，认为，看做
替换练习：
I'd rather be perceived as … rather than …
我更愿意被人看成是…而不是…
I'd rather be perceived as a good teammate rather than MVP.
如果你没有对象没有结婚，你在亲戚眼中是：
- Weirdo 怪胎，奇葩。
- Freak 怪人，畸形人。
这群七姑六婆的亲戚在你眼中是
- Nut 神经病，偏执狂。难缠、难对付的家伙
单词串记：
Unmarried, I'm perceived as a weirdo. But the nuts (七姑六婆) are driving me crazy.
[3] Drew Walker and Edward Vul of the University of California, San Diego, did five experiments wherein subjects rated the attractiveness of people in photographs. Some people were pictured alone, and others were in groups. (Sometimes the "groups" were actually collages of people alone.)
[4] In every case, for men and women, the people in groups got higher attractiveness ratings. Walker reasoned: "Average faces are more attractive, likely due to the averaging out of unattractive idiosyncrasies." They refer to this as the "cheerleader effect."
- idiosyncrasies 气质性格
[5] The cheerleader effect was first entered into Urban Dictionary in 2008, where it is defined by exemplary, hyperbolic premises: "Altogether the cheerleading team looks attractive ... [however] on closer inspection [each person] is quite ugly, [another heteronormative example might be] the spice girls, [or] the group of women who dance in a circle at the bar-usually with a pile of purses in the middle [Editor’s note: What?], [or the sort of situation that] occurs at any Canadian fraternity common room [Editor’s note: Gross generalization] where all together the men look hot but when checked out are actually bunk-ass."
[6] The cheerleader effect is apparently familiar to watchers of the popular TV show How I Met Your Mother, where it was introduced in the seventh episode of the fourth season. Neil Patrick Harris' character, leaning on a barstool "unimpressed with the talent in here tonight," refers to a group of women in a bar as collectively attractive but individually "sled dogs."
- episode （美剧中的第3季第4集的）集
- collectively 集体性地
- sled dogs 雪橇狗
[7] Sled dogs are actually gorgeous, but it was meant as an insult.
2. Rule of Thirds
原文链接: http://digital-photography-school.com
[1] The Rule of Thirds is perhaps the most well-known ‘rule’ of photographic composition.
[2] The “Rule of Thirds” one of the first things that budding digital photographers learn about in classes on photography and rightly so as it is the basis for well balanced and interesting shots.
- budding 萌芽期的
A budding + 职业 = XXX 新手
你妈问：谈对象到啥地步了？
答：才开始 (a budding romance)
[3] I will say right up front however that rules are meant to be broken and ignoring this one doesn’t mean your images are necessarily unbalanced or uninteresting. However, a wise person once told me that if you intend to break a rule you should always learn it first to make sure your breaking of it is all the more effective!
此句为长句分析训练，请找出各个单句的谓语动词。下文加粗
However, a wise person once told me that
if you intend to break a rule,
you should always learn it first tomake sure
your breaking of it
is
all the more effective!
all the 在more better前，当做强调。
If you arrive early, all the better.
= it would be even better if you arrive early.It would be even better if ...
礼貌地请求别人做某事
替换练习：
It would be even better if we could meet on Friday.
It would be even better if you could finish it before Friday.
What is the Rule of Thirds?
[4] The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. As follows.
[5] As you’re taking an image you would have done this in your mind through your viewfinder or in the LCD display that you use to frame your shot.
[6] With this grid in mind the ‘rule of thirds’ now identifies four important parts of the image that you should consider placing points of interest in as you frame your image.
- frame 构图，构造
- framing effect 框架效应
[7] Not only this – but it also gives you four ‘lines’ that are also useful positions for elements in your photo.
[8] The theory is that if you place points of interest in the intersections or along the lines that your photo becomes more balanced and will enable a viewer of the image to interact with it more naturally.
[9] Studies have shown that when viewing images that people’s eyes usually go to one of the intersection points most naturally rather than the center of the shot – using the rule of thirds works with this natural way of viewing an image rather than working against it.
[10] In addition to the above picture of the bee where the bee’s eye becomes the point of focus here are some of examples:
Another Rule of Thirds Example
[11] In this image I’ve purposely placed the head of my subject on one of the intersecting points – especially his eyes which are a natural point of focus for a portrait. His tie and flower also take up a secondary point of interest.
[12] In this shot I’ve placed the subject along a whole line which means she is considerably off center and therefore creating an additional point of interest. Placing her right in the center of the frame could have resulted in an ‘awkward’ shot.
[13] In a similar way a good technique for landscape shots is to position horizons along one of the horizontal lines also as I’ve done with the following shot (I’ll let you imagine the lines).
[14] Using the Rule of Thirds comes naturally to some photographers but for many of us takes a little time and practice for it to become second nature.
- second nature 习惯，（不假思索的）习性
[15] In learning how to use the rule of thirds (and then to break it) the most important questions to be asking of yourself are:
• What are the points of interest in this shot?
• Where am I intentionally placing them?
[16] Once again – remember that breaking the rule can result in some striking shots – so once you’ve learnt it experiment with purposely breaking it to see what you discover.
[17] Lastly – keep the rule of thirds in mind as you edit your photos later on. Post production editing tools today have good tools for cropping and reframing images so that they fit within the rules. Experiment with some of your old shots to see what impact it might have on your photos.
- crop 裁剪，修剪
1. Cheerleader Effect: Why People Are More Beautiful in Groups
原文链接: http://www.theatlantic.com
[1] Who should I hang out with if I want to look the most attractive? And how many of said people must I acquire?
[2] The basic idea of research published this week in the journal Psychological Science is that our asymmetries and disproportionalities tend to "average out" amid a group of faces, and our weird little faces are perceived as slightly less weird.
[3] Drew Walker and Edward Vul of the University of California, San Diego, did five experiments wherein subjects rated the attractiveness of people in photographs. Some people were pictured alone, and others were in groups. (Sometimes the "groups" were actually collages of people alone.)
[4] In every case, for men and women, the people in groups got higher attractiveness ratings. Walker reasoned: "Average faces are more attractive, likely due to the averaging out of unattractive idiosyncrasies." They refer to this as the "cheerleader effect."
[5] The cheerleader effect was first entered into Urban Dictionary in 2008, where it is defined by exemplary, hyperbolic premises: "Altogether the cheerleading team looks attractive ... [however] on closer inspection [each person] is quite ugly, [another heteronormative example might be] the spice girls, [or] the group of women who dance in a circle at the bar-usually with a pile of purses in the middle [Editor’s note: What?], [or the sort of situation that] occurs at any Canadian fraternity common room [Editor’s note: Gross generalization] where all together the men look hot but when checked out are actually bunk-ass."
[6] The cheerleader effect is apparently familiar to watchers of the popular TV show How I Met Your Mother, where it was introduced in the seventh episode of the fourth season. Neil Patrick Harris' character, leaning on a barstool "unimpressed with the talent in here tonight," refers to a group of women in a bar as collectively attractive but individually "sled dogs."
[7] Sled dogs are actually gorgeous, but it was meant as an insult.
2. Rule of Thirds
原文链接: http://digital-photography-school.com
[1] The Rule of Thirds is perhaps the most well-known ‘rule’ of photographic composition.
[2] The “Rule of Thirds” one of the first things that budding digital photographers learn about in classes on photography and rightly so as it is the basis for well balanced and interesting shots.
[3] I will say right up front however that rules are meant to be broken and ignoring this one doesn’t mean your images are necessarily unbalanced or uninteresting. However, a wise person once told me that if you intend to break a rule you should always learn it first to make sure your breaking of it is all the more effective!
What is the Rule of Thirds?
[4] The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. As follows.
[5] As you’re taking an image you would have done this in your mind through your viewfinder or in the LCD display that you use to frame your shot.
[6] With this grid in mind the ‘rule of thirds’ now identifies four important parts of the image that you should consider placing points of interest in as you frame your image.
[7] Not only this – but it also gives you four ‘lines’ that are also useful positions for elements in your photo.
[8] The theory is that if you place points of interest in the intersections or along the lines that your photo becomes more balanced and will enable a viewer of the image to interact with it more naturally.
[9] Studies have shown that when viewing images that people’s eyes usually go to one of the intersection points most naturally rather than the center of the shot – using the rule of thirds works with this natural way of viewing an image rather than working against it.
[10] In addition to the above picture of the bee where the bee’s eye becomes the point of focus here are some of examples:
Another Rule of Thirds Example
[11] In this image I’ve purposely placed the head of my subject on one of the intersecting points – especially his eyes which are a natural point of focus for a portrait. His tie and flower also take up a secondary point of interest.
[12] In this shot I’ve placed the subject along a whole line which means she is considerably off center and therefore creating an additional point of interest. Placing her right in the center of the frame could have resulted in an ‘awkward’ shot.
[13] In a similar way a good technique for landscape shots is to position horizons along one of the horizontal lines also as I’ve done with the following shot (I’ll let you imagine the lines).
[14] Using the Rule of Thirds comes naturally to some photographers but for many of us takes a little time and practice for it to become second nature.
[15] In learning how to use the rule of thirds (and then to break it) the most important questions to be asking of yourself are:
• What are the points of interest in this shot?
• Where am I intentionally placing them?
[16] Once again – remember that breaking the rule can result in some striking shots – so once you’ve learnt it experiment with purposely breaking it to see what you discover.
[17] Lastly – keep the rule of thirds in mind as you edit your photos later on. Post production editing tools today have good tools for cropping and reframing images so that they fit within the rules. Experiment with some of your old shots to see what impact it might have on your photos.